Carbon dots with induced surface oxidation permits imaging at single-particle level for intracellular studies

Misra, Santosh K.; Srivastava, Indrajit; Khamo, John S.; Krishnamurthy, Vishnu V.; Sar, Dinabandhu; Schwartz-Duval, Aaron S.; Soares, Julio A. N. T.; Zhang, Kai; Pan, Dipanjan

doi:10.1039/c8nr04065f

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We reasoned that analysis of photo-physical properties by SPI would also allow us to better understand the observed enhancement of the quantum yield for CD-D 5 and CD-A 5 compared to CD. 53,54 SPI resolved individual CD, CD-D 5 , CD-A 5 , and the CD-D 5 +CD-A 5 mixture as diffraction-limited spots (Fig. S15-S19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-Particle Photobleaching and photoblinking analysis: Samples for single-particle photobleaching were prepared following previous work. 53,54 Briefly, a droplet of 0.2 µL of CDs samples was applied to a clean coverslip and allowed to dry before placed on a home-built TIRF microscope equipped with a 100x oil immersion objective 41 . The mean excitation power before the objective is 1.5 mW/cm 2 .…”

Section: Time-resolved Photoluminescence Measurements Trpl Lifetime Experiments Were Performed Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-particle photoblinking was analyzed following a previous work. 53 Briefly, single-particle trajectories were segmented to define bright and dark states based on the changepoint analysis 38,39 .…”

Section: Density Functional Theory (Dft) Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor on the Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots: A Comparative Investigation at the Bulk‐State and Single‐Particle Level

Srivastava

Khamo

Pandit

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Carbon dots (CDs) are extensively studied to investigate their unique optical properties such as undergoing electron transfer in different scenarios. This study presents an in-depth investigation to study the ensemble-averaged state/bulk state and single-particle level photophysical properties of CDs that have been passivated with electron-accepting (CD-A) and electron-donating molecules (CD-D) on their surface. Our ensemble-averaged state experiments including UV-Vis absorbance titrations, time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and 2D emission studies depicted that both CD-A or CD-D had a blue-shift in emission, with a drastic increase in emission intensity, and consequently higher quantum yields, and that acceptor populations (CD-A) dominate overall photophysical properties. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the mixing of donor and acceptor particles (CD-A+ CD-D) leads to a formation of at least two associated geometries, which was dependent on time, concentration, intramolecular electron/charge transfer and hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, single-particle studies revealed that the instantaneous intensity of CDs was comparable, but that CD-A and CD-D have a larger on-time duty cycle, attributed to an increase of blinking frequency. On-and off-time power-law analysis further revealed that CD-A has a larger off-time distribution slope than bare CDs, This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 3 while their on-time distribution is similar. CD-D exhibits an increase in both on-and off-time distribution slope compared to bare CDs. These results indicate that the electron donor provides additional bright and dark states, while the electron acceptor primarily provides bright states, which can explain the increased blinking frequency in CD-A and CD-D at the single-particle level. Singleparticle studies, however, did not reveal an "acceptor-dominating" scenario based on analysis of instantaneous intensity, bleaching kinetics, and photoblinking, indicating that the direct interaction of CD-A and CD-D may affect their photophysical properties in the bulk state due to formation of hierarchical structural assemblies. We anticipate that these fundamental results will further provide insights towards our understanding of the complex mechanism associated with CD emission, which is one of the key contributors to their successful application. As an immediate application of these CDs, we have shown that they can be used as a sensing array for metal ions and can serve as a powerful toolbox for the technological application of CDs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-resolved Photoluminescence Measurements Trpl Lifetime Experiments Were Performed Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor on the Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots: A Comparative Investigation at the Bulk‐State and Single‐Particle Level

Srivastava

Khamo

Pandit

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…A correlation was found between the brightness and bleaching rates [290]. Due to the fact of these properties, the C-dots were successfully applied in different versions of super-resolution microscopy (nanoscopy) [31,291,292].…”

Section: Carbonic Nanoparticles As Collective Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitons in Carbonic Nanostructures

Demchenko

2019

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Unexpectedly bright photoluminescence emission can be observed in materials incorporating inorganic carbon when their size is reduced from macro–micro to nano. At present, there is no consensus in its understanding, and many suggested explanations are not consistent with the broad range of experimental data. In this Review, I discuss the possible role of collective excitations (excitons) generated by resonance electronic interactions among the chromophore elements within these nanoparticles. The Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism of energy migration within nanoparticles operates when the composing fluorophores are the localized electronic systems interacting at a distance. Meanwhile, the resonance interactions among closely located fluorophores may lead to delocalization of the excited states over many molecules resulting in Frenkel excitons. The H-aggregate-type quantum coherence originating from strong coupling among the transition dipoles of adjacent chromophores in a co-facial stacking arrangement and exciton transport to emissive traps are the basis of the presented model. It can explain most of the hitherto known experimental observations and must stimulate the progress towards their versatile applications.

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“…Second, understanding the origin of fluorescence and to utilize this knowledge to prepare high-quality red/nearinfrared emitting carbon dot (Barman & Patra, 2018). Third, exploiting the surface chemistry and to design functional carbon dot-based nanoprobe (Chai et al, 2015;Misra et al, 2018). Fourth, bioimaging application of fluorescent carbon dot, particularly exploiting the <10-nm particle size for subcellular targeting application (Yang et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent carbon dots as intracellular imaging probes

Ali

Ghosh

Jana

2020

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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Fluorescent carbon dot has emerged as promising alternative of conventionally known quantum dot or molecular probe as potential intracellular imaging probe. In particular, <10 nm size, tunable and bright fluorescence of carbon dot deserve the application potential as intracellular imaging probe. However, synthesis of carbon dot with narrow particle size distribution, preparation of high‐quality red/near‐infrared emitting carbon dot and appropriate design of functional carbon dot for subcellular targeting are most critical issues. This advanced review focus on the application potential of fluorescent carbon dot as intracellular imaging probe. At first, we briefly discuss different types of fluorescent carbon dots and origin of their fluorescence. Next, we focus on surface chemistry and functionalization which are relevant to intracellular probe development. Finally we have summarized various types of intracellular nanoprobes that are developed from fluorescence carbon dot. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing

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Carbon dots with induced surface oxidation permits imaging at single-particle level for intracellular studies

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Influence of Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor on the Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots: A Comparative Investigation at the Bulk‐State and Single‐Particle Level

Influence of Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor on the Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots: A Comparative Investigation at the Bulk‐State and Single‐Particle Level

Excitons in Carbonic Nanostructures

Fluorescent carbon dots as intracellular imaging probes

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