Carbon dots for energy conversion applications

Cao, Li; Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Liang, Weixiong; Seilkop, Austin; Veca, L. Monica; Sun, Ya‐Ping; Bunker, Christopher E.

doi:10.1063/1.5094032

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Figure shows Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of 0D nanomaterials with some morphologies . CDs have been used as electrocatalyst to enhance oxidation‐reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell and also some studies in photocatalysts . However, still few studies have been conducted using CDs for electrocatalytic ORR in fuel cell and energy conversion application.…”

Section: Allotropes Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 CDs have been used as electrocatalyst to enhance oxidationreduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell and also some studies in photocatalysts. 67,75 However, still few studies have been conducted using CDs for electrocatalytic ORR in fuel cell and energy conversion application. This review will include several studies that have synthesized CDs, their performance in fuel cells and the mechanisms involved for ORR activity throughout the potential of CDs.…”

Section: Zero-dimensional Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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Summary The performance of allotrope carbon materials has been explored because of their superior properties in energy system applications. This review provides an understanding of the current work focusing on the applications of selected carbon materials in important energy systems, focus on thermal interface materials (TIMs), and fuel cell applications. This article begins with the introduction of TIMs and fuel cell in general working principle and presents details on carbon materials. The discussion focuses on updates from the latest research work and addresses current challenges and opportunities for research toward TIMs and fuel cell applications. The optimum performance of TIMs was seen when thermal conductivity achieved at a maximum of 3000 W (m K)−1 by using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a minimum internal thermal resistance of 0.3 mm2 K W−1. Meanwhile for fuel cell, the platinum/CNTs catalyst applied proton exchange membrane fuel cell achieved high power density of 661 mW cm−2 in the presence of Nafion electrolyte membrane. This review provides insights for scientists about the use of carbon materials, especially in energy system applications.

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Section: Allotropes Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zero-dimensional Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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“…Effectively, small changes in the preparative procedure can result in large differences in the properties. While the application possibilities are impressive, there is still no detailed understanding of their structure and the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions 16 – 18 . They are generally considered to consist of aromatic, sp 2 -hybridized domains immersed in a sp 3 -hybridized amorphous matrix with various functional groups on the surface 19 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobase effect for just-in-time delivery in photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Fang¹,

Debnath²,

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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Carbon dots (CDs) are a promising nanomaterial for photocatalytic applications. However, the mechanism of the photocatalytic processes remains the subject of a debate due to the complex internal structure of the CDs, comprising crystalline and molecular units embedded in an amorphous matrix, rendering the analysis of the charge and energy transfer pathways between the constituent parts very challenging. Here we propose that the photobasic effect, that is the abstraction of a proton from water upon excitation by light, facilitates the photoexcited electron transfer to the proton. We show that the controlled inclusion in CDs of a model photobase, acridine, resembling the molecular moieties found in photocatalytically active CDs, strongly increases hydrogen generation. Ultrafast spectroscopy measurements reveal proton transfer within 30 ps of the excitation. This way, we use a model system to show that the photobasic effect may be contributing to the photocatalytic H2 generation of carbon nanomaterials and suggest that it may be tuned to achieve further improvements. The study demonstrates the critical role of the understanding the dynamics of the CDs in the design of next generation photocatalysts.

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“…In fact, the sample contained only a very small amount of nano-carbon according to the observed absorbances of the sample solution. nanoparticles [38,39]. For the MilliporeSigma sample solution, the observed absorption at 400 nm ( Figure 2) was more likely a combination of absorption due to the nano-carbon (carbon in the nanoscale carbon particles/domains) and the tail of the broad band around 480 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Commercial “Carbon Quantum Dots” Sample on Origins of Red Absorption and Emission Features

Liang

Hou

et al. 2019

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The commercially acquired aqueous solution of “carbon quantum dots” sample was evaluated by optical absorption and fluorescence emission methods; in reference to aqueous dispersed small carbon nanoparticles and representative carbon dots prepared from chemical functionalization of the carbon nanoparticles. The results suggest a very low content of carbon that is associated with nanoscale carbon particles/domains in the as-supplied sample; and likely significant contamination by dye-like species/mixtures. In the absence of any information on the synthesis and history of the commercial sample, the possible cause of the contamination was illustrated by an example on similar dye formation in the one-pot carbonization synthesis of “red carbon dots” from citric acid–formamide precursor mixtures under too mild processing conditions that were insufficient for the intended carbonization. The negative impacts to the carbon dots research field by the apparent proliferation and now commercial availability of carbon-deficient or even largely carbon-less “carbon quantum dots”, which are more susceptible to dye contamination or dominance, are discussed.

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Carbon dots for energy conversion applications

Cited by 51 publications

References 117 publications

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Photobase effect for just-in-time delivery in photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Evaluation of Commercial “Carbon Quantum Dots” Sample on Origins of Red Absorption and Emission Features

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