“…Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is an important compound in the classification of phenolic acids, which exists in certain vegetables (e.g., cabbage, cauliflower, and kale) and fruits (e.g., strawberries, grapes, and apples). It serves as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immune-modulating agent [1,2,3,4]. The molecular structure of CA is comprised of two hydroxyl groups adjacent to an aromatic ring, which provocatively contributes to its distinctive antioxidative nature [5,6].…”