Carbon Dots as a Promising Green Photocatalyst for Free Radical and ATRP‐Based Radical Photopolymerization with Blue LEDs

Kütahya, Ceren; Wang, Ping; Li, Shujun; Liu, Shouxin; Li, Jian; Strehmel, Bernd

doi:10.1002/anie.201912343

Cited by 103 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the new system introduced based on Cu II catalyst with amounts in the ppm range worked well for tailor‐made synthesis of block copolymers . A general mechanism was developed explaining the catalytic activity, which was recently also copied to another approach where carbon dots served as sensitizer in an ATRP framework applying blue light LEDs for excitation . In addition, oxygen tolerance in controlled/living radical polymerization was recently reported for some examples …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR Light‐Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV‐Absorbing Moieties

Kütahya

Meckbach

Strehmel

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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NIR exposure at 790 nm activated photopolymerization of monomers comprising UV‐absorbing moieties by using [CuII/(TPMA)]Br2 (TPMA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) in the ppm range and an alkyl bromide as initiator. Some of them comprised structural elements selected either from those showing proton transfer or photocycloaddition upon UV excitation. Polymers obtained comprise living end groups serving as macroinitiator for controlled synthesis of block copolymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Chromatographic results indicated formation of block copolymers produced by this synthetic approach. Free‐radical polymerization of monomers pursued for comparison exhibited the expected broader dispersity of molecular weight compared to photo‐ATRP. Polymerization of these monomers by UV photo‐ATRP failed on the contrary to NIR photo‐ATRP demonstrating the UV‐filter function of the monomers. This work conclusively provides a new approach for the polymerization of monomers comprising UV‐absorbing moieties through photo‐ATRP in the NIR region. This occurred in a simple and efficient pathway. However, studies also showed that not all monomers chosen successfully proceeded in the NIR photo‐ATRP protocol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR Light‐Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV‐Absorbing Moieties

Kütahya

Meckbach

Strehmel

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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“…The field has a promising potential for magnifying the span of controlled polymerization techniques for synthesizing well‐defined polymer structures. The recent developments in the field involve incorporating carbon dots as photocatalysts, [106] and progress in surface‐initiated O‐ATRP for synthesizing polymer‐inorganic hybrid structures [107] expand the extent of the field beyond chemistry to a broader range of materials science and technology. Innovative advancement like the use of ultrasound for mediating the ATRP [108] and the recent development of a successful light‐induced ATRP in the infrared region [109] are development fields indeed defines the prevalent and propitious nature of ATRP for future innovations.…”

Section: Synopsis and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP)

Aklujkar

Rao

2020

ChemistrySelect

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The evolution of the atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has instigated an increased demand for designing versatile and tailored polymeric structures. However, the use of metal catalysts in traditional ATRP limits the use of polymers in many niche applications. The recent advancement in ATRP has engendered the substitution of metal‐catalysts by a more user‐friendly class of organic photoredox catalysts, which offer enhanced control over the polymerization reaction as these compounds can be easily activated and deactivated with just a source of light. These new photocatalysts have transformed the traditional ATRP to a metal‐free photoinitiated organocatalyzed – ATRP (O‐ATRP), which has potential applications in the medical and electronic sectors. This review covers the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of the metal‐free photoinduced O‐ATRP reaction and the function of each component to establish a successfully controlled polymerization reaction. The scope for each component has been encompassed in the study, which paves the way for future developments in the field.

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“…Troxerutin, as a polyphenol structure is an excellent candidate for simple modification with polymers using ATRP according to a “core‐first” method to improve its properties for example, lipophilicity. Currently, external factors 49 such as electric current, 50‐56 light 57‐63 or ultrasonication 64‐68 are the most influential among control systems in ATRP techniques with low catalyst loading. In this field, electrochemically mediated ATRP ( e ATRP) provides a precise control of the ratio between Cu I and Cu II during polymerization process, followed by receiving well‐defined materials by avoiding an undesirable termination reaction and gelation with the increase of molecular weight 69‐72 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions

Zaborniak

Chmielarz

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Troxerutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, has a variety of beneficial activities characteristic for flavonols, such as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Besides the beneficial effects of troxerutin, limitations such as bioavailability have disrupted its application and prompt scientists to look for effective modification methods. This work presents the synthesis of troxerutin-based macromolecules with lipophilic poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) star arms via "core-first" procedure in a two-step synthetic route. Troxerutin as a polyphenol structure with ubiquitous reactive hydroxyl groups was for the first time modified with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide to receive an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator with 10 brominated initiation sites. The further step involved the synthesis of novel star-like macromolecules with troxerutin core and PnBA star arms by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP) in an environmentally friendly reaction medium-miniemulsion. Electrolysis under constant current conditions with temporal control was implemented, resulting in well-defined star-like polymers with complete preservation of chain-end functionality after restarting the synthesis. Hydrophobic properties of received troxerutin-based macromolecules were investigated by contact angles (Θ) measurements, followed by the free surface energy (FSE) calculations.

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Carbon Dots as a Promising Green Photocatalyst for Free Radical and ATRP‐Based Radical Photopolymerization with Blue LEDs

Cited by 103 publications

References 51 publications

NIR Light‐Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV‐Absorbing Moieties

NIR Light‐Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV‐Absorbing Moieties

Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP)

Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions

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