Carbon Dot-Decorated Graphite Carbon Nitride Composites for Enhanced Solid-Phase Microextraction of Chlorobenzenes from Water

Abstract

In this work, carbon dot-decorated graphite carbon nitride composites (CDs/g-C3N4) were synthesized and innovatively used as a SPME coating for the sensitive determination of chlorobenzenes (CBs) from water samples, coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The CDs/g-C3N4 coating presented superior extraction performance in comparison to pristine g-C3N4, owing to the enhancement of active groups by CDs. The extraction capacities of as-prepared SPME coatings are higher than those of commercial coatings due to the functions of nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing group binding, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibits a wide linearity range (0.25–2500 ng L−1), extremely low detection of limits (0.002–0.086 ng L−1), and excellent precision, with relative standard deviations of 5.3–9.7% for a single fiber and 7.5–12.6% for five fibers. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of CBs from real river water samples, with spiked recoveries ranging from 73.4 to 109.1%. This study developed a novel and efficient SPME coating material for extracting organic pollutants from environmental samples.

Latest Improvements and Expanding Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction

“…The core of SPME is the coating material; therefore, numerous studies have reported on the preparation of novel coating materials . In particular, the adsorptive materials, such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous carbons, and polymers, are featured in SPME due to their controllable microstructures. − Recent research is more attentive to the microstructures of coating materials, including morphologies, functional groups or heteroatoms, and pore sizes. − In addition, more precise characterization techniques are synergistically employed to distinguish the microstructures of prepared coating materials . For example, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can help to observe the morphology at the micro level.…”

Cellulose Nanocrystals Induced Loose and Porous Graphite Phase Carbon Nitride/Porous Carbon Composites for Capturing and Determining of Organochlorine Pesticides from Water and Fruit Juice by Solid-Phase Microextraction

“…According to our previous studies [38,39], SPME fibers were fabricated using the adhesive method. Typically, a 3-4 cm long stainless steel wire was washed in nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and anhydrous ethanol solutions, respectively, and then cleaned with deionized water.…”

Bar Adsorbent Microextraction with Carbon-Based Sorbent Layers for the Identification of Pharmaceutic Substances

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