Carbon dioxide utilization—Electrochemical reduction to fuels and synthesis of polycarbonates

Machado, Ana S. Reis; Nunes, Ana V. M.; Ponte, Manuel Nunes da

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.12.023

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In this sense, electrochemical techniques may offer the possibility to activate the CO 2 through a electrocarboxylation process. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Electrocarboxylation of organic halides is one of the most widely used approaches for valorising CO 2 . In a rst step, a one electron transfer process generates the organic radical, which later converts to an anion though a second reduction electron transfer, and a halide anion (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocarboxylation of 1-chloro-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane with a silver cathode in ionic liquids: an environmentally benign and efficient way to synthesize Ibuprofen

2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocarboxylation of 1-chloro-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane with a silver cathode in ionic liquids: an environmentally benign and efficient way to synthesize Ibuprofen

2019

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“…This layer together with a gas diffusion layer (porous material that can also be made of carbon) and with the (1) Current collector, (2) gas diffusion layer, GDMA-gas diffusion membrane electrode layer assembly. Reproduced with permission from [4]. Copyright, Elsevier B. V., 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethylene, ethanol, ethane, carbon monoxide and formic acid were also produced [15]. Despite pressure being a very significant process intensification parameter, the studies of the influence of pressure stopped from the late nineties of the last century [4] until 2004 with one paper published [16]. These studies were only resumed in 2012 with the work of Dufeck et al [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Materials as Cathode Constituents for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction—A Review

Messias

Ponte

Machado

2019

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This work reviews the latest developments of cathodes for electrochemical CO 2 reduction, with carbon black, mesoporous carbons, carbon nanofibers, graphene, its derivatives and/or carbon nanotubes as constituents. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction into fuels and chemicals powered by renewable energy is a technology that can contribute to climate change mitigation. Strategies used in this fast-evolving field are discussed, having in mind a commercial application. Electrochemical performance of several materials is analyzed, using in some cases the findings of theoretical computational studies, which show the enormous potential of these materials. Considerable challenges still lie ahead to bring this technology into industrial deployment. However, the significant progress achieved so far shows that further R&D efforts might pay off.C 2019, 5, 83 2 of 26 considering the findings of theoretical computational studies, are in some cases analyzed, when this type of study is available. Knowledge gaps and new promising R&D trends of nanocarbon-based materials development for this application are highlighted. Carbon BlackCarbon black is produced by the incomplete combustion of petroleum heavy fractions. It is a form of para-crystalline carbon of high surface area. Although activated carbon has a more favorable surface area to volume ratio (>1000 m 2 /g) than carbon black, its low electrical conductivity makes it unsuitable as electrode material. Commercial carbon blacks, such as Vulcan or Ketjen black have been most frequently used as support to ensure large electrochemical reaction surfaces and to reduce noble metal loading. Metal and Metal-Derived Particles Supported on Carbon BlackCO 2 ER can be carried out in gas phase, where gaseous CO 2 is fed to the cathode through gas diffusion electrodes (GDE), or in liquid phase, where CO 2 dissolved in the liquid electrolyte contacts the electrode. Figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of two possible configurations of both operation modes.C 2019, 5, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 25 discussed, having in mind a commercial application. Electrochemical performances of several materials, considering the findings of theoretical computational studies, are in some cases analyzed, when this type of study is available. Knowledge gaps and new promising R&D trends of nanocarbonbased materials development for this application are highlighted. Carbon BlackCarbon black is produced by the incomplete combustion of petroleum heavy fractions. It is a form of para-crystalline carbon of high surface area. Although activated carbon has a more favorable surface area to volume ratio (>1000 m 2 /g) than carbon black, its low electrical conductivity makes it unsuitable as electrode material. Commercial carbon blacks, such as Vulcan or Ketjen black have been most frequently used as support to ensure large electrochemical reaction surfaces and to reduce noble metal loading. Metal and Metal-Derived Particles Supported on Carbon BlackCO2ER can be carried out in gas phase, where gaseous CO2 is fed to the cathode thro...

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“…Direct utilization of CO 2 includes supercritical extraction, enhanced oil recovery, carbonated drink, fire extinguisher powder, and packaging gas . Another pathway is to use it as feedstock to produce chemicals, construction materials, and fuel . It can also be used to produce plant fertilizer .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Another pathway is to use it as feedstock to produce chemicals, construction materials, and fuel. 18,22,23 It can also be used to produce plant fertilizer. 24 It provides relatively "renewable," low-cost, and nontoxic feedstock as compared with petrochemical feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process design and techno‐economic analysis of ethyl levulinate production from carbon dioxide and 1,4‐butanediol as an alternative biofuel and fuel additive

et al. 2019

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Summary Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is one of the promising negative emission technologies (NET). Within various CCUS routes available, CO2 conversion into fuels is one of the attractive options. Currently, most of CO2 conversion into fuels requires hydrogen, which is expensive and consume large energy to produce. Hence, a different route of producing fuel from CO2 by utilizing 1,4‐butanediol as the raw material is proposed and evaluated in this study. This alternative route comprises production of levulinic acid from the reaction between CO2 and 1,4‐butanediol and production of ethyl levulinate, an alternative biofuel and biofuel additive, via an esterification reaction of levulinic acid with ethanol. The process is designed and simulated according to the available data and evaluated in terms of its technical features. Because of the unavailability of reaction data for synthesis of levulinic acid from 1,4‐butanediol and CO2, several assumptions were taken, which may implicate the accuracy of the studied design. This technical evaluation is followed by cost estimations and sensitivity analysis. Because of the free CO2, the profitability of the plant depends strongly on the prices of the other chemicals and the price difference between 1,4‐butanediol (raw material) and ethyl levulinate (product). Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the proposed plant will always be profitable if the ethyl levulinate is slightly more expensive than the 1,4‐butanediol, highlighting that the process of producing ethyl levulinate from CO2 is economically profitable. Future research should be directed towards a catalytic system that can effectively convert CO2 into levulinic acid, by‐products produced from the two reaction steps, and reduce the excess ethanol used in the second reaction.

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Carbon dioxide utilization—Electrochemical reduction to fuels and synthesis of polycarbonates

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

Electrocarboxylation of 1-chloro-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane with a silver cathode in ionic liquids: an environmentally benign and efficient way to synthesize Ibuprofen

Electrocarboxylation of 1-chloro-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane with a silver cathode in ionic liquids: an environmentally benign and efficient way to synthesize Ibuprofen

Carbon Materials as Cathode Constituents for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction—A Review

Process design and techno‐economic analysis of ethyl levulinate production from carbon dioxide and 1,4‐butanediol as an alternative biofuel and fuel additive

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