Carbon Dioxide Tolerance: A Review

Glatte, Jr.; Welch, Herschel

doi:10.21236/ada017159

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…45 By exposing 23 crewmen for 42 days to CO 2 at 15 000 ppm in a submarine, Schaefer et al 42 observed no significant effect of CO 2 on psychomotor test performance. In a 5-day exposure of seven subjects at a CO 2 concentration of 30 000 ppm, Glatte et al 43 reported no effects on hand steadiness, vigilance, auditory monitoring, memory, or arithmeticand problem-solving performance. Storm et al 44 found that CO 2 at 40 000 ppm for 2 weeks did not affect psychomotor performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, Liu et al 38 and Zhang et al [39][40][41] have shown that CO 2 concentrations up to 3000 ppm did not cause significant changes in physiological responses, subjective ratings, or cognitive performance compared with a CO 2 concentration of 380 ppm. Some studies have also demonstrated that CO 2 exposure in the range of 15 000-40 000 ppm does not impair neurobehavioral performance, [42][43][44] as negative effects of CO 2 were not seen until reaching levels as high as 60 000-70 000 ppm. 45 By exposing 23 crewmen for 42 days to CO 2 at 15 000 ppm in a submarine, Schaefer et al 42 observed no significant effect of CO 2 on psychomotor test performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human responses to high levels of carbon dioxide and air temperature

Song

et al. 2020

Indoor Air

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In this study, 30 subjects were exposed to different combinations of air temperature (T a : 24, 27, and 30°C) and CO 2 level (8000, 10 000, and 12 000 ppm) in a high-humidity (RH: 85%) underground climate chamber. Subjective assessments, physiological responses, and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that as compared with exposure to T a = 24°C, exposure to 30°C at all CO 2 levels caused subjects to feel uncomfortably warm and experience stronger odor intensity, while increased mental effort and greater intensity of acute health symptoms were reported.However, no significant effects of T a on task performance or physiological responses were found. This indicated that subjects had to exert more effort to maintain their performance in an uncomfortably warm environment. Increasing CO 2 from 8000 to 12 000 ppm at all T a caused subjects to report higher rates of headache, fatigue, agitation, and feeling depressed, although the results were statistically significant only at 24 and 27°C. The text typing performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at this exposure, whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thermal discomfort increased significantly. These effects suggest higher arousal/ stress. No significant interaction effect of T a and CO 2 concentration on human responses was identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human responses to high levels of carbon dioxide and air temperature

Song

et al. 2020

Indoor Air

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“…End‐tidal CO 2 (ETCO2) can be used as an easy, non‐invasive measure of arterial or physiological CO 2 levels, providing an indication of the impact of CO 2 exposure 21 . Some studies have explored how ETCO2 increases with time‐length of acute exposure to pure CO 2 : 65 000 ppm, 23 50 000 ppm, 24 and 30 000 ppm 25 . These studies found that ETCO2 increased initially and then plateaued, within 10 minutes, after having increased 10–40%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory performance of humans exposed to moderate levels of carbon dioxide

et al. 2021

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In a business-as-usual scenario, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) could reach 950 parts per million (ppm) by 2100. Indoor CO2 concentrations will rise consequently, given its dependence on atmospheric CO2 levels. If buildings are ventilated following current standards in 2100, indoor CO2 concentration could be over 1,300 ppm, depending on specific ventilation codes. Such exposure to CO2 could have physiological and psychological effects on building occupants. We conducted a randomized, within-subject study, examining the physiological effects on the respiratory functions of 15 persons. We examined three exposures, each 150 minutes long, with CO2 of: 900 ppm (reference), 1,450 ppm (decreased ventilation), and 1,450 ppm (reference condition with added pure CO2). We measured respiratory parameters with capnometry and forced vital capacity (FVC) tests. End-tidal CO2 and respiration rates did not significantly differ across the three exposures. Parameters measured using FVC decreased significantly from the start to the end of exposure only at the reduced ventilation condition (p<0.04, large effect size). Hence poor ventilation likely affects respiratory parameters. This effect is probably not caused by increased CO2 alone and rather by other pollutantspredominantly human bioeffluents in this work -whose concentrations increased as a result. Practical implicationsRising atmospheric CO2 levels have raised concerns regarding the negative effects on humans and consequently the future of building ventilation. It has been discussed whether it would still be possible to guide ventilation requirements by a difference between outdoor and indoor CO2 levels or if absolute CO2 levels should be used. We use this study to show that an increase in the CO2 level with no change to ventilation, did not affect human respiration parameters. However, poor ventilation was shown to affect lung capacity demonstrated in the form of an obstructive breathing pattern most likely caused by an increase in the concentration of other pollutants, primarily bioeffluents, and not only CO2. This result provides additional confirmation for the health effects in ill-ventilated spaces.

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“…Cortisol concentrations increased significantly with increase in CO 2 levels in both breeds of heifers at all exposure conditions. Glatte and Welch, (1967) reported that exposure to 7% CO 2 increased cortisol in humans. An increase in CO 2 level mimics the stressful condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%