Carbon-dioxide sensing structures in terrestrial arthropods

Stange, Gert; Stowe, Sally

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19991215)47:6<416::aid-jemt5>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 110 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The previously reported (Ghara et al, 2011) unidentified and sparsely occurring sensillum in the ovipositor of parasitoids (Fig. 2B) resembles the auricillic CO 2 -sensillum reported in the antennae of other insects (Stange and Stowe, 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

Yadav

Borges

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We show that the insect ovipositor is an olfactory organ that responds to volatiles and CO 2 in gaseous form. We demonstrate this phenomenon in parasitic wasps associated with Ficus racemosa where ovipositors, as slender as a human hair, drill through the syconium (enclosed inflorescences) and act as a guiding probe to locate highly specific egg-laying sites hidden inside. We hypothesize that olfaction will occur in the ovipositors of insects such as parasitic fig

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

Yadav

Borges

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…CO 2 -sensitive neurons have been identified in many insect species (9) and in most cases are dedicated to the detection of CO 2 . In adult Drosophila, odors are detected by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that are housed in sensilla on the antenna and the maxillary palp (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of CO ₂ reception in Drosophila

Kwon

Dahanukar

Weiss

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

443

427

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CO2 elicits a response from many insects, including mosquito vectors of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, but the molecular basis of CO2 detection is unknown in insects or other higher eukaryotes. Here we show that Gr21a and Gr63a, members of a large family of Drosophila seven-transmembrane-domain chemoreceptor genes, are coexpressed in chemosensory neurons of both the larva and the adult. The two genes confer CO2 response when coexpressed in an in vivo expression system, the ''empty neuron system.'' The response is highly specific for CO2 and dependent on CO2 concentration. The response shows an equivalent dependence on the dose of Gr21a and Gr63a. None of 39 other chemosensory receptors confers a comparable response to CO2. The identification of these receptors may now allow the identification of agents that block or activate them. Such agents could affect the responses of insect pests to the humans they seek.chemoreceptors ͉ insect ͉ Gr genes

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“…Insects can use elevated CO 2 as part of an alarm signal or to find food (1)(2)(3). In fungi, high CO 2 can induce filamentation (4) and regulate sporulation (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans

Bretscher

Busch

Bono

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

159

194

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Homeostasis of internal carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) levels is fundamental to all animals. Here we examine the CO 2 response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This species inhabits rotting material, which typically has a broad CO 2 concentration range. We show that well fed C. elegans avoid CO 2 levels above 0.5%. Animals can respond to both absolute CO 2 concentrations and changes in CO 2 levels within seconds. Responses to CO 2 do not reflect avoidance of acid pH but appear to define a new sensory response. Sensation of CO 2 is promoted by the cGMPgated ion channel subunits TAX-2 and TAX-4, but other pathways are also important. Robust CO 2 avoidance in well fed animals requires inhibition of the DAF-16 forkhead transcription factor by the insulin-like receptor DAF-2. Starvation, which activates DAF-16, strongly suppresses CO 2 avoidance. Exposure to hypoxia (<1% O2) also suppresses CO 2 avoidance via activation of the hypoxiainducible transcription factor HIF-1. The npr-1 215V allele of the naturally polymorphic neuropeptide receptor npr-1, besides inhibiting avoidance of high ambient O 2 in feeding C. elegans, also promotes avoidance of high CO 2. C. elegans integrates competing O 2 and CO2 sensory inputs so that one response dominates. Food and allelic variation at NPR-1 regulate which response prevails. Our results suggest that multiple sensory inputs are coordinated by C. elegans to generate different coherent foraging strategies.carbon dioxide sensing ͉ natural variation ͉ oxygen sensing C O 2 is an important sensory cue for many organisms. Insects can use elevated CO 2 as part of an alarm signal or to find food (1-3). In fungi, high CO 2 can induce filamentation (4) and regulate sporulation (5). Nematode parasites of plants and animals can follow CO 2 gradients to locate their hosts (6, 7). Internal CO 2 levels also provide important signals. For example, insects and mammals monitor internal CO 2 to modulate respiratory exchange (8-10). This homeostatic function prevents respiratory poisoning and pH changes in body fluids, which can occur if CO 2 levels rise above 5% (11).Several mechanisms have been implicated in sensing CO 2 . In Drosophila, avoidance of high CO 2 is mediated by a pair of odorant receptors (2, 12, 13). Artificially activating neurons expressing these receptors elicits the escape response (14). Less is known about how insects monitor internal CO 2 to control opening of spiracles (15). In mammals internal CO 2 levels regulate breathing, diuresis, blood pH, and blood flow (8). In most cases the molecular sensors involved are unclear although pH changes associated with hydration of CO 2 are thought to be important. Carbonic anhydrases, which catalyze the hydration of CO 2 to produce H ϩ and HCO 3 Ϫ , are widely expressed in mammals. HCO 3 Ϫ has been shown to regulate the activity of a family of adenylate cyclases that is conserved from bacteria to man (16). However, the role of these enzymes in CO 2 signaling in animals is unclear. In fungi an HCO 3 Ϫ -regulated adenylate cy...

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Carbon-dioxide sensing structures in terrestrial arthropods

Cited by 110 publications

References 47 publications

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

The molecular basis of CO ₂ reception in Drosophila

A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Carbon-dioxide sensing structures in terrestrial arthropods

Cited by 110 publications

References 47 publications

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm

The molecular basis of CO 2 reception in Drosophila

A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans

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The molecular basis of CO ₂ reception in Drosophila