Carbon dioxide regulation of formate hydrogenlyase in Escherichia coli

The inhibition by CO2 of the growth and metabolism of micro‐organisms

“…Another way in which CO, may influence the rate of a reaction is to inhibit or stimulate the reaction, rather than affecting the synthesis of the appropriate enzyme. Formate hydrogenlyase of E. coli was also inhibited by CO, (Swanson & Ogg 1969). Fumarate formation by Rhizopus nigricans was blocked at the pyruvate carboxylation step due to the inhibition of oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity by CO, (Foster & Davis 1949).…”

Pathogens in Beer

“…CO 2 has been shown to inhibit certain enzymes including isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, fumarase, and formate dehydrogenase ( Swanson and Ogg, 1969 ;Gill and Tan, 1979 ), and the antimicrobial activity of CO 2 may also be due to adverse affects on the permeability of the cell membrane, as ion uptake is reduced as CO 2 interacts with the membrane lipids ( Sears and Eisenberg, 1961 ). Complementary to the action of hops, CO 2 shows greater inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria than of Grampostitives, although signifi cant increases in lag phases have been observed for both types of bacteria ( Martin et al ., 2003 ).…”