Carbon dioxide limitation of the photosynthesis of Prunus avium L. seedlings inside an unventilated treeshelter

Effect of tree shelter design on water condensation and run-off and its potential benefit for reforestation establishment in semiarid climates

“…A significant dew formation and water harvested from tree shelter and its quantification through soil water supply was studied in a plantation of P. halepensis for two different walled shelters. Differences found in daily maximum and minimum temperatures between shelters and control are a known effect and the results presented agree with previous work Drupaz and Bergez, 1999;Oliet et al, 2003). Increments of about 10 8C for maximum and À2 8C for minimum temperatures have been established in unventilated shelters irrespective of their height (from 50 to 210 cm).…”

“…The seedlings inside the single wall tree shelter showed a lower biomass with respect to the control and a lower height and diameter with respect to the twin-walled tree shelter. These results are not surprising since they are frequently reported in the literature; lower root biomass in sheltered trees (Burger et al, 1992;Bergez and Dupraz, 2000;Navarro et al, 2005) or higher height to stem diameter ratios (Drupaz and Bergez, 1999;Sharew and Hairston-Strang, 2005) are common. However, opposite trends with regard to our data in diameter growth (Delisle, 1999;Hemery and Savill, 2001) and aerial biomass (Bergez and Dupraz, 2000) are also found, since the shelter effect strongly depends on species tested, climate, color or other factors Gerhold, 1999;Oliet et al, 2003).…”

Effect of shelter tubes on establishment and growth of Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) seedlings in Mediterranean semi-arid environment

“…This could provoke numerous changes in the protected seedlings, such as significant increase in height from the first Spring, low increase in diameter and consequently excessive narrowness which may cause problems of morphological disproportion and destabilization. Some authors found similar results for other species [2,3,16,29]. The foliage surface was greater in seedlings inside the treeshelter, probably due to the diminished incidence of radiation.…”

“…Some authors affirm that this device provokes a reduction of the specific foliage area, increasing the index of narrowness, morphological disproportion and poor growth, reduction of transpiration, together with the added economic cost which is incurred by its use [2,3,16]. Numerous works, most of them in agro-forestry systems with warm, rainy climates confirm that the survival of seedlings is better with the shelter Tubex ® than without it, although there are some exceptions, and that it is advantageous against herbivores, application of herbicides and excessive ramification [1,7,15,26,27,54,58].…”

Effect of tube shelters on the growth of young Turkish pines (Pinus brutia Ten., Pinaceae)

“…In order to better understand the different behaviours of the trees, different authors were interested in the air composition inside the tube [4,12,14,16,26]. There is a specific microclimate inside the shelters, which differs from the outside climate in four major ways [14]: greater air temperature variations, a qualitative and quantitative modification of the light transmitted through the tube wall, the permanently very high relative humidity of the air, and its very low carbon dioxide content.…”