Carbon dioxide fluxes over a northern, semiarid, mixed-grass prairie

Frank, Arlen W.; Dugas, William A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(01)00238-6

Cited by 152 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…At the GRNG in 2010, 28 cm of rainfall (80 % of the annual average) occurred prior to the mid-July field sampling [North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN) 2000]. Therefore, standing crop and leaf area reported in 2010 were likely above average, although they are within the range reported at other North Dakota mixed-grass prairie ecosystem sites (Biodini and Manske 1996;Frank and Dugas 2001). We report only 1 year of data, but previous long-term studies have shown that structure at summits is consistently lower than at toeslopes (Knapp and others 1993;Milchunas and others 1989;Singh and others 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Phillips

Ngugi

Hendrickson

et al. 2012

Environmental Management

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Managers of the nearly 0.5 million ha of public lands in North and South Dakota, USA rely heavily on manual measurements of canopy height in autumn to ensure conservation of grassland structure for wildlife and forage for livestock. However, more comprehensive assessment of vegetation structure could be achieved for mixed-grass prairie by integrating field survey, topographic position (summit, mid and toeslope) and spectral reflectance data. Thus, we examined the variation of mixed-grass prairie structural attributes (canopy leaf area, standing crop mass, canopy height, nitrogen, and water content) and spectral vegetation indices (VIs) with variation in topographic position at the Grand River National Grassland (GRNG), South Dakota. We conducted the study on a 36,000-ha herbaceous area within the GRNG, where randomly selected plots (1 km 2 in size) were geolocated and included summit, mid and toeslope positions. We tested for effects of topographic position on measured vegetation attributes and VIs calculated from Landsat TM and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data collected in July 2010. Leaf area, standing crop mass, canopy height, nitrogen, and water content were lower at summits than at toeslopes. The simple ratio of Landsat Band 7/Band 1 (SR71) was the VI most highly correlated with canopy standing crop and height at plot and landscape scales. Results suggest field and remote sensing-based grassland assessment techniques could more comprehensively target low structure areas at minimal expense by layering modeled imagery over a landscape stratified into topographic position groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Phillips

Ngugi

Hendrickson

et al. 2012

Environmental Management

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“…There still exists substantial uncertainty regarding the role of grasslands in the global climate system (Frank and Dugas 2001;Baldocchi et al 2001), which can be attributed, at least in part, to the limited data describing the processes regulating turbulent exchange of heat, water vapor, and CO 2 (Bremer et al 2001;Johnson et al 2003). For example, it is unclear whether grasslands are in equilibrium with respect to carbon (Frank and Dugas 2001), constituting a terrestrial source or sink (Gilmanov et al 2007;Soussana et al 2007) of carbon, or, as suggested by Holifield Collins et al (2008), Chou et al (2008), and others, both depend on local environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is unclear whether grasslands are in equilibrium with respect to carbon (Frank and Dugas 2001), constituting a terrestrial source or sink (Gilmanov et al 2007;Soussana et al 2007) of carbon, or, as suggested by Holifield Collins et al (2008), Chou et al (2008), and others, both depend on local environmental conditions. By better understanding of the limitations of the BREB and EC sensor systems and the differences in the datasets they produce, the interpretation of their respective datasets can be refined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concerning the Measurement and Magnitude of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from a Semiarid Grassland

Alfieri

Blanken

Smith

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Grassland environments constitute approximately 40% of the earth's vegetated surface, and they play a key role in a number of processes linking the land surface with the atmosphere. To investigate these linkages, a variety of techniques, including field and modeling studies, are required. Using data collected at the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado from 25 March to 10 November 2004, this study compares two common ways of measuring turbulent fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and carbon dioxide in the field: the eddy covariance (EC) and Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) methods. The turbulent fluxes measured by each of these methods were compared in terms of magnitude and seasonal behavior and were combined to calculate eddy diffusivities and examine turbulent transport. Relative to the EC method, the BREB method tended to overestimate the magnitude of the sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes. As a result, substantial differences in both the diurnal pattern and long-term magnitudes of the water and carbon budgets were apparent depending on which method was used. These differences arise from (i) the forced closure of the surface energy balance and (ii) the assumption of similarity between the eddy diffusivities required by the BREB method. An empirical method was developed that allows the BREB and EC datasets to be reconciled; this method was tested successfully using data collected at the CPER site during 2005. Ultimately, however, the BREB and EC methods show important differences that must be recognized and taken into account when analyzing issues related to the energy, water, or carbon cycles.

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“…Grasslands are approximately 32% of the Earth's natural vegetation (Adams et al, 1990) and grassland ecosystems undergo considerable annual fluctuations in gross primary production (Frank and Dugas, 2001); grassland ecosystems also significantly and nonlinearly respond to climate change and pertinent biomass dynamics (Baldocchi et al, 2001;Wever et al, 2002). Prior researchers mainly paid attention to savanna areas and the Central Great Plains of the US (Dugas et al, 1999;Frank and Dugas, 2001;Sims and Bradford, 2001;Suyker and Verma, 2001;Novick et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China

Gao

Lenschow

et al. 2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In order to examine energy partitioning and CO 2 exchange over a steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China, fluxes of moisture, heat and CO 2 in the surface layer from June 2007 through June 2008 were calculated using the eddy covariance method. The study site was homogenous and approximately 1500 m×1500 m in size. Seasonal and diurnal variations in radiation components, energy components and CO 2 fluxes are examined. Results show that all four radiation components changed seasonally, resulting in a seasonal variation in net radiation. The radiation components also changed diurnally. Winter surface albedo was higher than summer surface albedo because during winter the snowcovered surface increased the surface albedo. The seasonal variations in both sensible heat and CO 2 fluxes were stronger than those of latent heat and soil heat fluxes. Sensible heat flux was the main consumer of available energy for the entire experimental period. The energy imbalance problem was encountered and the causes are analyzed.

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Carbon dioxide fluxes over a northern, semiarid, mixed-grass prairie

Cited by 152 publications

References 24 publications

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Concerning the Measurement and Magnitude of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from a Semiarid Grassland

Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China

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Carbon dioxide fluxes over a northern, semiarid, mixed-grass prairie

Cited by 152 publications

References 24 publications

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Mixed-Grass Prairie Canopy Structure and Spectral Reflectance Vary with Topographic Position

Concerning the Measurement and Magnitude of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from a Semiarid Grassland

Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China

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Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China