Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams

Attermeyer, Katrin; Casas-Ruiz, Joan Pere; Fuß, Thomas; Pastor, Ada; Cauvy‐Fraunié, Sophie; Sheath, Danny; Nydahl, Anna; Doretto, A.; Portela, Ana Paula; Doyle, Brian C.; Simov, Nikolay; Roberts, Catherine Gutmann; Niedrist, Georg; Timoner, Xisca; Evtimova, Vesela; Barral-Fraga, Laura; Bašić, Tea; Audet, Joachim; Deininger, Anne; Busst, Georgina; Fenoglio, Stefano; Catalán, Núria; Eyto, Elvira de; Pilotto, Francesca; Mor, Jordi‐René; Monteiro, J.L.F.; Fletcher, David; Noß, Christian; Colls, Miriam; Nagler, Magdalena; Liu, Liu; González‐Quijano, Clara Romero; Romero, Ferran; Pansch, Nina; Ledesma, José L. J.; Pegg, Josephine; Klaus, Marcus; Freixa, Anna; Ortega, Sonia Herrero; Mendoza‐Lera, Clara; Bednařík, Adam; Fonvielle, Jérémy; Gilbert, Peter; Kenderov, Lyubomir; Rulı́k, Martin; Bodmer, Pascal

doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00192-w

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…hypothesized the lower CO2 fluxes observed during the day (~18:00) were likely a result of elevated primary productivity during the afternoon, primarily in the summer months, but could have also been due to convective mixing in the water column at night. Altogether, our results provide additional evidence that the time of sample collection has important implications for upscaling freshwater GHG fluxes to longer timescales(Attermeyer et al 2021;Gómez-Gener et al 2021). A previous study conducted in FCR which estimated CO2 and CH4 diffusive fluxes using discrete GHG measurements collected at ~noon concluded FCR was often a small CO2 sink during the summer stratified period in(McClure et al 2018, whereas our diel EC data indicate that FCR was an overall CO2 source throughout the summer in both 2020 and 2021.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

“…Other studies, however, have observed more consistent diel patterns in GHG fluxes. For example, some studies have shown higher CH4 fluxes during the night in lakes and reservoirs (Eugster et al 2011;Podgrasjek et al 2014;Waldo et al 2021) and higher CO2 fluxes at night in streams (Attermeyer et al 2021;Gómez-Gener et al 2021). On the other hand, some studies observed higher CH4 fluxes during the day as compared to night (Erkkiliä et al 2018;Jammet et al 2017;Podgrasjek et al 2016;Sieczko, et al 2020).…”

Section: Variability In Sub-daily Fluxes With Higher Dawn Than Dusk C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eddy covariance data reveal that a small freshwater reservoir emits a substantial amount of carbon dioxide and methane

Hounshell

D′Acunha

Breef‐Pilz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Small freshwater reservoirs are ubiquitous and likely play an important role in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets relative to their limited water surface area. However, constraining annual GHG fluxes in small freshwater reservoirs is challenging given their footprint area and spatially and temporally variable emissions. To quantify the GHG budget of a small (0.1 km) reservoir, we deployed an eddy covariance system in a small reservoir located in southwestern Virginia, USA over two years to measure carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) fluxes near-continuously. Fluxes were coupled with in situ sensors measuring multiple environmental parameters. Over both years, we found the reservoir to be a large source of CO (633-731 g CO-C m yr) and CH (1.02-1.29 g CH-C m yr) to the atmosphere, with substantial sub-daily, daily, weekly, and seasonal timescales of variability. For example, fluxes were substantially greater during the summer thermally-stratified season as compared to the winter. In addition, we observed significantly greater GHG fluxes during winter intermittent ice-on conditions as compared to continuous ice-on conditions, suggesting GHG emissions from lakes and reservoirs may increase with predicted decreases in winter ice-cover. Finally, we identified several key environmental variables that may be driving reservoir GHG fluxes at multiple timescales, including, surface water temperature and thermocline depth followed by fluorescent dissolved organic matter. Overall, our novel year-round eddy covariance data from a small reservoir indicate that these freshwater ecosystems likely contribute a substantial amount of CO and CH to global GHG budgets, relative to their surface area.

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Variability In Sub-daily Fluxes With Higher Dawn Than Dusk C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance data reveal that a small freshwater reservoir emits a substantial amount of carbon dioxide and methane

Hounshell

D′Acunha

Breef‐Pilz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…All CO 2 diffusive flux measurements in this study were carried out during the day, but in such productive lakes the nighttime activity may profoundly affect these fluxes and even reverse them. Nighttime emissions were found to exceed daytime CO 2 emissions in several freshwater systems (39% Attermeyer et al 2021, 27% Gómez‐Gener et al 2021, and 70% Liu et al 2016). If we apply a nighttime CO 2 correction factor obtained from the studies mentioned above (an average nighttime increase of 54.5 ± 21.9%) to our average area‐weighted diurnal CO 2 fluxes (−1.8 ± 0.6 and 4.4 ± 6.8 mmol m −2 d −1 for clear and turbid lakes, respectively), our average diurnal estimates would be in the order of −1.4 ± 0.7 and 5.4 ± 7.6 mmol m −2 d −1 for clear and turbid lakes, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow lakes under alternative states differ in the dominant greenhouse gas emission pathways

Baliña

Sánchez

Izaguirre

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Over the past decades, shallow lakes of the Pampean Plain, Argentina, have been shifting from clear vegetated to turbid phytoplanktonic states due to anthropic pressures. It is not clear, though, if this change in state also involves a change in the overall CO 2 and CH 4 balance of these lakes. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to assess potential differences in the C gas (CH 4 and CO 2 ) balance of shallow lakes under contrasting states-clear vegetated and turbid phytoplanktonic. We sampled two clear and two turbid shallow lakes in the Pampean region along an annual cycle and we measured all of the major C gas emission pathways: diffusive and ebullitive fluxes and also emissions from emergent vegetated habitats. CO 2 and CH 4 diffusive, ebullitive and vegetated habitat fluxes were comparable between states, but they differed in their relative contribution to the C gas balance because of differences in the coverage of the habitats associated to these pathways. Mean annual, area-weighted CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes of clear lakes were 41.9 AE 19.0 and 15.4 AE 18.5 mmol m À2 d À1 , respectively, and 7.7 AE 7.3 and 17.9 AE 19.8 mmol m À2 d À1 for CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes, respectively, for turbid lakes. Despite major differences in the relative contribution of the emission pathways between states, there was a remarkable convergence between states in total greenhouse gas emissions when expressed in terms of mean annual CO 2 equivalent greenhouse gas flux.

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“…Increasing maximum temperatures will additionally directly stress cold-water organisms (Réalis-Doyelle et al 2016 ; McCullough et al 2009 ). Given the importance of water temperature for the ecology or the metabolism of rivers (Woodward et al 2010 ; Attermeyer et al 2021 ), and the fact that temperatures are increasing rapidly worldwide (IPCC 2021 ), our findings of winter warming and increasing maximum/minimum temperatures are important to understand the thermal dynamics of mountain rivers and the consequences of climatic changes on river ecosystems in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Substantial warming of Central European mountain rivers under climate change

Niedrist

2023

Reg Environ Change

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Water bodies around the world are currently warming with unprecedented rates since observations started, but warming occurs highly variable among ecoregions. So far, mountain rivers were expected to experience attenuated warming due to cold water input from snow or ice. However, air temperatures in mountain areas are increasing faster than the global average, and therefore warming effects are expected for cold riverine ecosystems. In decomposing multi-decadal water temperature data of two Central European mountain rivers with different discharge and water source regime, this work identified so far unreported (a) long-term warming trends (with river-size dependent rates between +0.24 and +0.44 °C decade−1); but also (b) seasonal shifts with both rivers warming not only during summer, but also in winter months (i.e., up to +0.52 °C decade−1 in November); (c) significantly increasing minimum and maximum temperatures (e.g., temperatures in a larger river no longer reach freezing point since 1996 and maximum temperatures increased at rates between +0.4 and +0.7 °C decade−1); and (d) an expanding of warm-water periods during recent decades in these ecosystems. Our results show a substantial warming effect of mountain rivers with significant month-specific warming rates not only during summer but also in winter, suggesting that mountain river phenology continues to change with ongoing atmospheric warming. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that apart from a general warming, also seasonal shifts, changes in extreme temperatures, and expanding warm periods will play a role for ecological components of mountain rivers and should be considered in climate change assessments and mitigation management.

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Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

Eddy covariance data reveal that a small freshwater reservoir emits a substantial amount of carbon dioxide and methane

Eddy covariance data reveal that a small freshwater reservoir emits a substantial amount of carbon dioxide and methane

Shallow lakes under alternative states differ in the dominant greenhouse gas emission pathways

Substantial warming of Central European mountain rivers under climate change

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