Carbon Dioxide Dry Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production using Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/CaO as Catalysts

Abstract

<p>Glycerol, byproduct from the biodiesel production can be effectively utilized as the promising source of synthesis gas (syngas) through a dry reforming reaction. Combination of these waste materials with greenhouse gases which is carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) will help to reduce environmental problem such as global warming. This dry reforming reaction has been carried out in a fixed bed batch reactor at 700 °C under the atmospheric pressure for 3 hours. In this experiment, reforming reaction was carried out using Nickel (Ni) as based catalyst and supported with zirconium (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and calcium (CaO) oxides. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized using Bruanaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric (TGA), and Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) analysis. Reaction studies show that 15% Ni/CaO give the highest hydrogen yield and glycerol conversion that peaked at 24.59% and 30.32%, respectively. This result is verified by XRD analysis where this catalyst shows low crystallinity and fine dispersion of Ni species resulted in high specific surface area which gives 44.93 m<sup>2</sup>/g that is validated by BET. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 21<sup>st</sup> January 2016; Revised: 24<sup>th</sup> February 2016; Accepted: 29<sup>th</sup> February 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Arif, N.M.M., Vo, D.V.N., Azizan,M.T., Abidin S.Z. (2016). Carbon Dioxide Dry Reforming of Glycerol for Hydrogen Production using Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> and Ni/CaO as Catalysts. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2): 200-209 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.551.200-209)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.551.200-209</p>

Dry reforming of glycerol over Rh-based ceria and zirconia catalysts: New insights on catalyst activity and stability

“…11a). Moreover, glycerol conversions remained below ∼30% on 15% Ni/CaO, 10% Ni/ZrO 2 and 5% Ag-15% Ni/SiO 2 catalysts at 700°C, CO 2 /G = 1, and residence times ∼10 times higher than involved in the present work [23,24]. At the same temperature and CO 2 /G, however, RhZr and RhCe catalysts gave glycerol conversions of 70% and 35%, respectively (Fig.…”

“…In the light of these points, Rh/ ZrO 2 and Rh/CeO 2 can be envisioned as promising novel catalysts that can be investigated in GDR process. Along these lines, in the current study, we report Rh-based GDR catalysts which outperform the existing Ni-based ones [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] in terms of activity and stability. Furthermore, through in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopic/imaging experiments, for the first time in the literature, we provide valuable insights regarding the origins of catalytic activity, stability, aging and sintering in GDR reaction.…”

“…Since product analysis was done on the basis of gaseous species, it was not possible to calculate glycerol conversion from the molar flow rate of glycerol in the product stream. In this case, as commonly done in the literature [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] an atomic balance over hydrogen was conducted to calculate the amount of converted glycerol. Molar flow rates of all gaseous products that contain H atoms were used in the calculation, as shown in Eq.…”

“…The authors also reported H 2 / CO ratios below 2 and glycerol conversions up to ∼80% upon reaction at 750°C and CO 2 /G of 1.67, which were claimed to be optimum for the 20 wt.% Ni loaded catalyst. Arif et al [23] compared the activities of CaO and ZrO 2 supported Ni catalysts with different metal loadings in GDR. It was reported that at 700°C and for CO 2 /G ratio of 1, Ni/CaO catalyst gave a H 2 yield and a glycerol conversion higher than those obtained over Ni/ZrO 2 .…”

Exceptionally active and stable catalysts for CO2 reforming of glycerol to syngas

“…Activity tests carried out on the 20% Ni/CC at 750 °C and CO 2 /G = 1.67 gave glycerol conversions up to ˜80% and H 2 /CO < 2 [23,24]. Use of CaO supported Ni for GDR was also investigated by Arif et al [25,26] who comparatively studied 15 wt.% Ni loaded CaO, ZrO 2 and La 2 O 3 supported catalysts. At 700 °C and CO 2 /G = 1, the authors reported glycerol conversions of 30%, 20% and 13% on Ni/CaO, Ni/La 2 O 3 and Ni/ZrO 2 , respectively.…”