Carbon Dioxide Degassing by Advective Flow from Usu Volcano, Japan

Abstract

Magmatic carbon dioxide (CO2) degassing has been documented before the 31 March 2000 eruption of Usu volcano, Hokkaido, Japan. Six months before the eruption, an increase in CO2 flux was detected on the summit caldera, from 120 (September 1998) to 340 metric tons per day (September 1999), followed by a sudden decrease to 39 metric tons per day in June 2000, 3 months after the eruption. The change in CO2 flux and seismic observations suggests that before the eruption, advective processes controlled gas migration toward the surface. The decrease in flux after the eruption at the summit caldera could be due to a rapid release of CO2 during the eruption from ascending dacitic dikes spreading away from the magma chamber beneath the caldera.

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

“…In our case, Turrialba volcano has experienced a reawakening process which has lasted ∼20 years (Martini et al, 2010;de Moor et al, 2016a) and Poás' activity is particularly variable (Fischer et al, 2015;de Moor et al, 2016b) and seems to have stages of enhanced volcanic activity and stages of quiescence that alternate every 6-12 years (Rymer et al, 2000(Rymer et al, , 2005(Rymer et al, , 2009. Diffuse degassing monitoring could thus be an interesting tool for long term monitoring (Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996Chiodini et al, , 1998Chiodini et al, , 2001Giammanco et al, 1998;Hernández et al, 1998Hernández et al, , 2001Melián et al, 2001Melián et al, , 2010Salazar et al, 2001;Shimoike et al, 2002;Hernández Perez et al, 2003;Carapezza and Granieri, 2004;Galindo et al, 2004;Lewicki et al, 2005;Notsu et al, 2006;Werner and Cardellini, 2006;Carapezza et al, 2009;Viveiros et al, 2010;Peltier et al, 2012;Werner et al, 2014).…”

“…CO 2 is emitted both actively through channelizing conduits (Aiuppa et al, 2014;de Moor et al, 2016b) and diffusely through the porous volcanic edifice (Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996Chiodini et al, , 1998Chiodini et al, , 2001Hernández et al, 1998Hernández et al, , 2001Hernández Perez et al, 2003). As a fluid, its transportation occurs in two different ways: (1) Diffusion according to the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion model which is used instead of Fick's law for multicomponent systems (Maxwell, 1965;Bird et al, 2001), and (2) viscous flow which is described by Darcy's law in a porous media (Bird et al, 2001).…”

Emisión difusa de dióxido de carbono en el Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica

“…Estudios recientes sobre la emisión difusa de CO 2 han probado la utilidad de sus resultados para contribuir al conocimiento de los sistemas volcánicos (p.ej. : Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996;Hernández et al, 2001;Rogie et al, 2001;Salazar et al, 2001). Cambios significativos en la tasa de emisión de CO 2 a la atmósfera en forma difusa se han relacionado con la actividad volcánica Cartagena et al, 2002;Galindo et al, 2002) y sísmica de sistemas volcánicos.…”

Emisión difusa de hidrógeno en el Volcán Poás, Costa Rica

“…Por el contrario, los estudios realizados de emisiones difusas de las especies volátiles trazas en gases volcánicos, tales como el helio y el hidrógeno, son escasos (Sato & McGee, 1981;Lombardi & Reimer, 1990;Hernández et al, 2000). Por otro lado, el estudio de los niveles de flujo y concentración de los gases en el suelo y la evaluación de la evolución temporal de las anomalías nos proporciona una importante información sobre el estado de actividad del sistema volcánico (Sato & McGee, 1981;Lombardi & Reimer, 1990;Allard et al, 1991;Pérez et al, 1996;Hernández et al, 2001a, 2001b. El hidrógeno es de gran interés por estar presente en la mayoría de las emisiones volcánicas (White & Waring, 1963).…”