Carbon dioxide concentrations in eutrophic lakes: undersaturation implies atmospheric uptake

Balmer, Michelle Bea; Downing, John A.

doi:10.5268/iw-1.2.366

Cited by 191 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In this study, we also demonstrate that a flooded quarry can be a significant source of atmospheric greenhouse gases. While the majority of eutrophic agriculturally impacted lakes are net CO 2 sinks (Balmer and Downing, 2011), we suggest that these systems can be extreme emitters of other potent greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and N 2 O, in response to nitrogen enrichment and high primary productivity. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

et al. 2017

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h i g h l i g h t sThe studied lake was meromictic and characterized by high methane, nutrients and sulfate concentrations in the water column. High aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation rates were observed in the water column, and were dependent on the season. Anaerobic methane oxidation was linked to sulfate reduction, and potentially to nitrate reduction. Despite high methane oxidation rates, methane fluxes to the atmosphere were high. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tWe sampled the water column of the Dendre stone pit lake (Belgium) in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Depth profiles of several physico-chemical variables, nutrients, dissolved gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O), sulfate, sulfide, iron and manganese concentrations and d 13 C-CH4 were determined. We performed incubation experiments to quantify CH 4 oxidation rates, with a focus on anaerobic CH 4 oxidation (AOM), without and with an inhibitor of sulfate reduction (molybdate). The evolution of nitrate and sulfate concentrations during the incubations was monitored. The water column was anoxic below 20 m throughout the year, and was thermally stratified in summer and autumn. High partial pressure of CO 2 and CH 4 and high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate were observed in anoxic waters. Important nitrous oxide and nitrate concentration maxima were also observed (up to 440 nmol L À1 and 80 mmol L À1 , respectively). Vertical profiles of d 13 C-CH 4 unambiguously showed the occurrence of AOM. Important AOM rates (up to 14 mmol L À1 d À1 ) were observed and often co-occurred with nitrate consumption peaks, suggesting the occurrence of AOM coupled with nitrate reduction. AOM coupled with sulfate reduction also occurred, since AOM rates tended to be lower when molybdate was added. CH 4 oxidation was mostly aerobic (~80% of total oxidation) in spring and winter, and almost exclusively anaerobic in summer and autumn. Despite important CH 4 oxidation rates, the estimated CH 4 fluxes from the water surface to the atmosphere were high (mean of 732 mmol m À2 d À1 in spring, summer and autumn, and up to 12,482 mmol m À2 d À1 in winter).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

et al. 2017

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“…However, there are many instances in the hydrosphere where relevant higher levels are found including: eutrophic lakes (87% of Florida lakes have supersaturated levels of CO2) [44,45], ocean depths (at which significant CO2 sequestration occurs) [46] and fish farms [47,48]. By choosing a different pH-sensor dye with a higher pKa, a more sensitive CO2 sensor could be constructed and vice versa [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extruded colour-based plastic film for the measurement of dissolved CO2

Mills

Yusufu

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Dissolved CO2 measurements are usually made using a Severinghaus electrode, which is bulky and can suffer from electrical interference. In contrast, optical sensors for gaseous CO2, whilst not suffering these problems, are mainly used for making gaseous (not dissolved) CO2 measurements, due to dye leaching and protonation, especially at high ionic strengths (> 0.01M) and acidity (< pH 4). This is usually prevented by coating the sensor with a gaspermeable, but ion-impermeable, membrane (GPM). Herein, we introduce a highly sensitive, colourimetric-based, plastic film sensor for the measurement of both gaseous and dissolved CO2, in which a pH-sensitive dye, thymol blue (TB) is coated onto particles of hydrophilic silica to create a CO2-sensitive, TB-based pigment, which is then extruded into low density polyethylene (LDPE) to create a GPM-free, i.e. naked, TB plastic sensor film for gaseous and dissolved CO2 measurements. When used for making dissolved CO2 measurements, the hydrophobic nature of the LDPE renders the film: (i) indifferent to ionic strength, (ii) highly resistant to acid attack and (iii) stable when stored under ambient (dark) conditions for > 8 months, with no loss of colour or function. Here, the performance of the TB plastic film is primarily assessed as a dissolved CO2 sensor in highly saline (3.5 wt%)water. The TB film is blue in the absence of CO2 and yellow in its presence, exhibiting 50% transition in its colour at ca. 0.18% CO2. This new type of CO2 sensor has great potential in the monitoring of CO2 levels in the hydrosphere, as well as elsewhere, e.g. food packaging and possibly patient monitoring.

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“…In natural marine systems under current CO 2 concentrations, algal blooms can reduce CO 2 concentration by over 90 ppm [31]. In freshwater systems, phytoplankton can completely deplete dissolved CO 2 concentrations [32,33]. The contrast between high and low CO 2 treatments was more pronounced under regime 2 (low nutrients) than regime 1, reflecting the lesser capability of nutrient limited cultures to reduce aqueous CO 2 concentrations.…”

Section: (A) Effectiveness Of Co 2 Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

et al. 2013

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The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is expected to double by the end of the century. Experiments have shown that this will have important effects on the physiology and ecology of photosynthetic organisms, but it is still unclear if elevated CO 2 will elicit an evolutionary response in primary producers that causes changes in physiological and ecological attributes. In this study, we cultured lines of seven species of freshwater phytoplankton from three major groups at current (approx. 380 ppm CO 2 ) and predicted future conditions (1000 ppm CO 2 ) for over 750 generations. We grew the phytoplankton under three culture regimes: nutrient-replete liquid medium, nutrient-poor liquid medium and solid agar medium. We then performed reciprocal transplant assays to test for specific adaptation to elevated CO 2 in these lines. We found no evidence for evolutionary change. We conclude that the physiology of carbon utilization may be conserved in natural freshwater phytoplankton communities experiencing rising atmospheric CO 2 levels, without substantial evolutionary change.

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Carbon dioxide concentrations in eutrophic lakes: undersaturation implies atmospheric uptake

Cited by 191 publications

References 38 publications

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

Extruded colour-based plastic film for the measurement of dissolved CO2

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

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Carbon dioxide concentrations in eutrophic lakes: undersaturation implies atmospheric uptake

Cited by 191 publications

References 38 publications

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

Emission and oxidation of methane in a meromictic, eutrophic and temperate lake (Dendre, Belgium)

Extruded colour-based plastic film for the measurement of dissolved CO2

Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO2fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species

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Product

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Long-term culture at elevated atmospheric CO₂fails to evoke specific adaptation in seven freshwater phytoplankton species