Carbon Dioxide Capture From Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Using Temperature Swing Adsorption

Abstract

In order to reduce the CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector, one can electrify the vehicle, switch to biofuel, or capture and store CO 2 on board. In this study, integration of an on board CO 2 capture and storage unit with an internal combustion engine has been proposed. The technology can be applied for various internal combustion or Stirling engines with targeted applications in the transportation sector. Truck transport for goods delivery is used as an example for on board CO 2 capture and storage system design. The investigated system integrates a temperature swing adsorption system for CO 2 capture with a turbo-compressor system to compress and liquefy the captured CO 2 using the waste heat of the exhaust gases of the engine. Energy and exergy analyses of the proposed CO 2 captured system are studied in details. The CO 2 capture system for engine exhaust stream (car, truck, bus, ship, or train) can capture 90% of the emitted CO 2 , without any energy penalty. This system can be integrated into overall mobility system (fuel-engine-CO 2-fuel), where captured CO 2 can be recycled as conventional liquid or gaseous fuels produced from renewable energy sources.

Negative CO2 Emissions for Transportation

“…Being more efficient, an SOFC results in lower carbon emissions during use. In this aspect, an integration of ICE with a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) for onboard CCS in the transportation sector has been proposed (Sharma and Maréchal, 2019), where it was reported that 90% of the CO 2 emitted from combustion of on-board fuels can be captured without any energy penalty. Such a system is adequately applied for train and ship transports (Sharma and Maréchal, 2019).…”

“…SOFC systems using hydrocarbons have been found to have electrical efficiencies (LHV-basis) in the order of 60%(van Biert et al, 2020). Here, a conservative estimate of 45% has been taken for TTW efficiency, to account for losses in the electric motors, CO 2 compression for storage on-board, and any other losses Sharma and Maréchal (Sharma and Maréchal, 2019). state an electrical energy cost of 0.88 MJ for compressing 2.11 kg of CO 2 (equivalent to 1.398 L ethanol) up to 75 bar.…”

Experimental investigation on performance of absorbents for carbon dioxide capture from diesel engine exhaust

“…Assuming 10 kWh per liter 41 as lower heating value of diesel, out of which 3.6 kWh of energy converted in mechanical power to drive the vehicle, 3.8 kWh is wasted in the exhaust gas and 2.6 kWh goes to the coolant. 18,42 If MEA is selected as a solvent in the absorber column, the exhaust gas must be water-cooled to 30 C for maximum absorption with MEA. 43 The energy released during this process can be calculated with the same procedure as followed by Hossain et al 42 and found to be 1.169 kWh.…”

“…Battery-operated vehicles have been advised for the reduction of CO 2 emission from the transportation sector but it is associated with the penalty of the electric density stored in the batteries and the establishment of charging infrastructure. 18,19 The swing adsorption technique used by Sharma et al 18 for capturing the CO 2 from heavy-duty internal combustion engine has integrated temperature swing absorption, Rankine cycle, heat pump, and CO 2 compression and liquefaction which requires significant modification of the engine.…”

“…However, it will cause an increment of 7% of the total vehicle payload. 18 The selection of absorbent is one of the crucial factors for the PCC implementation for a diesel engine. Liquid chemical absorbents (also called solvents) such as ammonia and amines are the earliest findings, whereas recent developments include ionic liquids, synthetic amines, solvent blends, and sterically hindered amines.…”