Carbon crooked nanotube layers of polyethylene: Synthesis, structure and electron emission

Чернозатонский, Л. А.; Kukovitskii, E. F.; Musatov, A. L.; Ormont, A. B.; Izraeliants, K.R.; L’vov, S.G.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(98)00041-4

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Whilst CNTs were produced, the yield was small with the majority of the deposits being carbon fibres. Later work by the same research group obtained a larger CNT yield at the higher temperature of 800°C [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…CNT production from plastics has been demonstrated [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], however the effect of the steam injection rate on CNT and hydrogen has not been considered. The potential to produce CNTs from the pyrolysis of plastics was demonstrated by Kukovitsky et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means it increases the economic benefit of plastics gasification which was originally only used for hydrogen production. Whilst many studies have considered PE and PP feedstocks for CNT production [27,32,37,38], other plastics such as PS have received less attention. The suitability of the different plastic samples for CNT production will be examined using LDPE, PP and PS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Acomb

2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

165

102

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proven to be possible as high-value by-products of hydrogen production from gasification of waste plastics. In this work, steam content in the gasification process was investigated to increase the quality of CNTs in terms of purity.Three different plastics -low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were studied in a two stage pyrolysis-gasification reactor. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage where steam was injected and the gases were reformed at 800°C in the presence of a nickelalumina catalyst. To investigate the effect that steam plays on CNT production, steam injection rates of 0, 0.25, 1.90 and 4.74 g h -1 were employed. The CNTs produced from all three plastics were multiwalled CNTs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm and several microns in length. For all the plastic samples, raising the steam injection rate led to increased hydrogen production as steam reforming and gasification of deposited carbon increased. High quality CNTs, as observed from TEM, TPO and Raman spectroscopy, were produced by controlling the steam injection rate. The largest yield for LDPE was obtained at 0 g h -1 steam injection rate, whilst PP and PS gave their largest yields at 0.25 g h -1 . Overall the largest CNT yield was obtained for PS at 0.25 g h -1 , with a conversion rate of plastic to CNTs of 32% wt.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Acomb

2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

165

102

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“…[14][15][16] In addition, plastics pyrolysis has also been used to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a high-value product having extraordinary physical and chemical properties, by either mixing plastics with catalyst in a single reactor, 17,18 or passing the pyrolysis products of plastics into a second stage catalyst reactor. 19,20 Both product yield and the properties of CNTs are basically determined by the raw materials, for example, CNT production has been investigated from laser ablation, plasma assisted deposition, pyrolysis or chemical vapour deposition. 21,22 However, only limited information is available about the pyrolysis of real-world waste plastics for CNT production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Nahil

Miskolczi

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

187

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Producing both hydrogen and high-value carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from waste plastics is reported here using a pyrolysis-reforming technology comprising a two-stage reaction system, in the presence of steam and a Ni-Mn-Al catalyst. The waste plastics consisted of plastics from a motor oil container (MOC), waste commercial high density polyethylene (HDPE) and regranulated HDPE waste containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results show that hydrogen can be produced from the pyrolysis-reforming process, but also carbon nanotubes are formed on the catalyst. However, the content of 0.3 wt.% polyvinyl chloride in the waste HDPE (HDPE/PVC) has been shown to poison the catalyst and significantly reduce the quantity and purity of CNTs. The presence of sulphur has shown less influence on the production of CNTs in terms of quantity and CNT morphologies. Around 94.4 mmol H 2 g -1 plastic was obtained for the pyrolysis-reforming of HDPE waste in the presence of the Ni-Mn-Al catalyst and steam at a reforming temperature of 800 °C. The addition of steam in the process results in an increase of hydrogen production and reduction of carbon yield; in addition, the defects of CNTs e.g. edge dislocations were found to be increased with the introduction of steam (from Raman analysis).

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“…Potential technical applications in the areas of molecular electronic devices [2][3][4][5][6], nanocomposites [7][8][9][10], electron field emission [11][12][13][14][15] have been proposed or explored. In addition, because of the nature of their structure and chemical bonding, carbon nanotubes 2 are also interesting 1D host materials for lithium intercalation, and several groups have already investigated the application of carbon nanotubes as the anode for lithium batteries [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrate

Pan

2005

Materials Letters

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrates was carried out at different temperatures. Effects of temperature on the growth of carbon nanotubes were investigated and the nucleation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes at different temperature ranges were also discussed. Based on the growth mechanism of nanotubes, small amount of Fe nanoparticles were deposited on the nickel substrate to introduce more nucleation sites at elevated temperature, and the density of nanotubes on the surface of the substrate was greatly improved.

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Carbon crooked nanotube layers of polyethylene: Synthesis, structure and electron emission

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

CVD growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrate

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