“…In the WC-Co system, the common forms of W are WC and W 2 C double carbides, WCo 3 and W 6 Co 7 bimetallic compounds, and W 3 Co 3 C, W 4 Co 2 C, and W 6 Co 6 C ternary carbides. Co usually exists as a solid solution [124,125]. In samples with 75 wt.% and 72.5 wt.% Co content, only Cobased solid solution phase was present, while in the sample with 50 wt.% Co content, additional Co 3 W 3 C phase can occur.…”
WC-Co hardmetals are widely used in wear-resistant parts, cutting tools, molds, and mining parts, owing to the combination of high hardness and high toughness. WC-Co hardmetal parts are usually produced by casting and powder metallurgy, which cannot manufacture parts with complex geometries and often require post-processing such as machining. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are able to fabricate parts with high geometric complexity and reduce post-processing. Therefore, additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals has been widely studied in recent years. In this article, the current status of additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different AM processes used for producing WC-Co parts, including selective laser melting (SLM), selective electron beam melting (SEBM), binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), 3D gel-printing (3DGP), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) are discussed. The studies on microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties of WC-Co parts manufactured by different AM processes are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges in additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals are pointed out and suggestions on future research are discussed.
“…In the WC-Co system, the common forms of W are WC and W 2 C double carbides, WCo 3 and W 6 Co 7 bimetallic compounds, and W 3 Co 3 C, W 4 Co 2 C, and W 6 Co 6 C ternary carbides. Co usually exists as a solid solution [124,125]. In samples with 75 wt.% and 72.5 wt.% Co content, only Cobased solid solution phase was present, while in the sample with 50 wt.% Co content, additional Co 3 W 3 C phase can occur.…”
WC-Co hardmetals are widely used in wear-resistant parts, cutting tools, molds, and mining parts, owing to the combination of high hardness and high toughness. WC-Co hardmetal parts are usually produced by casting and powder metallurgy, which cannot manufacture parts with complex geometries and often require post-processing such as machining. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are able to fabricate parts with high geometric complexity and reduce post-processing. Therefore, additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals has been widely studied in recent years. In this article, the current status of additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different AM processes used for producing WC-Co parts, including selective laser melting (SLM), selective electron beam melting (SEBM), binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), 3D gel-printing (3DGP), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) are discussed. The studies on microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties of WC-Co parts manufactured by different AM processes are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges in additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals are pointed out and suggestions on future research are discussed.
“…The deposition onto WC crystals can only occur in equiatomic stoichiometric ratio of WC. The solubility of both W and C decreases with the decrease of the temperature in accordance to the phase diagram of Co-W-C [2,21,[66][67][68]. The diffusion of W from the binder is the slowest process in the degradation of the oversaturated binder phase during cooling.…”
Section: Degradation Of Solid Solution Of W and C In The Binder Phasementioning
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