Carbon capture and utilization: More than hiding CO2 for some time

From fossil to green chemicals: sustainable pathways and new carbon feedstocks for the global chemical industry

“…42 Therefore, the development of a net-zero emissions or even negative emissions chemical industry must centre around the concept of ‘defossilisation’, which requires the introduction of new sustainable carbon feedstocks through sustainable biomass and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU). 4,32,43–45 The most discussed sustainable feedstock for the global chemical industry has been e-methanol and biomass-based methanol (bio-methanol), 46 which can either be used directly or as a feedstock for olefins and aromatics through the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) and methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) processes. Indeed, methanol has been discussed as a substitute for oil-based feedstocks and fuels as early as the 1980s, though fossil methane was suggested as the major feedstock.…”

“…CCU for the chemical industry could increase the circularity of the global chemical industry in CO 2 , energy integration, and water. 45 However, the power-to-methanol and methanol-to-chemical production sites may be part of split value chains, which would reduce the potential to utilise this wastewater by-product.…”

Unraveling the Potential of Electrochemical pH-Swing Processes for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization

“…However, it is worth noting that the CCU process invariably requires substantial renewable energy input, which can pose implementation challenges. 78 Region (④) represents the possible products derived from the EPS process in the context of region (③), including bicarbonate feeding for algae cultivation, water reclamation, and carbonate minerals. The final products from this region (④) are subsequently harvested (e.g., water, biofuels, and carbonate minerals) and supplied back to the initial emission region (①), thus creating a closed carbon cycle.…”

“…To minimize energy consumption costs and GHG emissions (③), the incorporation of renewable energy sources such as solar or wind energy is envisioned, depending on the geographical location. However, it is worth noting that the CCU process invariably requires substantial renewable energy input, which can pose implementation challenges . Region (④) represents the possible products derived from the EPS process in the context of region (③), including bicarbonate feeding for algae cultivation, water reclamation, and carbonate minerals.…”

Evaluating the techno-economic potential of defossilized air-to-syngas pathways

“…Both end uses are essential for reducing emissions while pursuing carbon neutrality. 29 Storing CO 2 in geological formations enables the pursuit of net-zero emission targets. However, existing policies that incentivize storage of the captured CO 2 do not sufficiently cover the cost of most DACC plants today.…”