ABSTRACT:Anthropogenic energy-related CO 2 emissions are higher than ever. With new fossil fuel power plants, growing energy-intensive industries and new sources of fossil fuels in development further emissions increase seems inevitable. The rapid application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a much heralded means to tackle emissions from both existing and future sources. However, despite extensive and successful research and development, progress in deploying CCS has stalled. No fossil fuel burning power plants, the greatest source of CO 2 emissions, are currently using CCS, and publicly supported CCS demonstration programmes are struggling to deliver actual projects. Yet, CCS remains a core component of national and global emissions reduction scenarios. Governments have to either increase commitment to CCS through much more active market support and emissions regulation, or accept its failure and recognise that continued expansion of fossil fuel burning energy capacity is a severe threat to attaining climate change mitigation objectives.