Carbon Black‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes as Electroanalytical Tools

Abstract

In this paper screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) bulk modified with carbon black (CB) or with CB dispersion in DMF:water were developed and characterized. We have demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, SEM and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that an increase of CB amount on the working electrode surface increases the electrochemical performances of CB‐SPE. The CB‐SPE was tested with ferricyanide, epinephrine, benzoquinone and H2O2 demonstrating in any case an enhancement of electrochemical activity. For H2O2 amperometric detection, a sensitivity of 241.4±5.7 mA M−1 cm−2 and 1.46±0.06 mA M−1 cm−2 was obtained, respectively, for CB‐SPE and bare SPE.

Direct Electrochemistry of Heme Proteins on Electrodes Modified with Didodecyldimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Carbon Black

“…It was necessary to introduce the CPE, because of the non-homogeneous surfaces of both the bare and modified SPEs. Using the SPE/CB, we have obtained the R ct value equal to 222 AE 27 W instead of 38 AE 2 W in case of SPE/SWCNT; the both values were much lower than the R ct value for bare SPE (4004 AE 6 W) reported in our previous paper [12]. Clearly, modification of the working electrode surface with a layer of CB or SW CNT can markedly promote the electrochemical reaction of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple.…”

“…Graphite based ink (Electrodag 423 SS) from Acheson (Milan, Italy) for printing the working and counter electrode, and silver ink (Electrodag 477 SS) for the pseudo-reference electrode were used. The substrate was a flexible polyester film (Autostat HT5) obtained from Autotype Italia (Milan, Italy) by using the procedure and materials described earlier [12]. The electrodes were produced in foils, each containing 48 electrodes.…”

“…In this decade, CB showed itself as an advantageous carbon material in analytical electrochemistry due to its low cost manufacturing, simple treatment and electrocatalytic properties towards many biologically active compounds such as ascorbic acid [9,10], dopamine [10], reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) [11,12], benzoquinone [11,12], epinephrine [11,12], cysteine and thiocholine [13], some heavy metals (Cd(II), Pb(II)) [10] and hydrogen peroxide [10,12]. CB modification of the sensors provides an improvement in terms of the low peak-to-peak separation and an increase of peak current intensity of the compound tested.…”

Electrochemical biosensors based on nanomodified screen-printed electrodes: Recent applications in clinical analysis

“…Biosensors based on SPEs modified with nanomaterials have been widely reported in literature [6,7]. The modification methods encompass the use of a drop casting techniques with nanomaterial dispersions by manual or ink-jet assisted deposition [8,9], the addition of nanomaterial in the ink during the SPE printing [10], the electrodeposition [11], the Langmuir-Blodgett film approach [12], and the deposition by means of the electrospray technique [13]. Among these methods, drop casting is the most used.…”

“…Another advantage during the sensor production phase is represented by the possibility of using very small volumes of solution to be applied on the electrode surface. For example, for classic SPEs it is usually sufficient (when spontaneous thiol-gold linkage is used) to cast a drop of few microliters (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) of the thiol-labeled oligo on the surface of the gold-ink electrode to achieve well-ordered SAMs. This is usually not possible with conventional rod gold electrodes which generally require larger volumes.…”