Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Catalytic Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Abstract

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBM) have shown great potential for various environmental applications because of their physical and chemical properties. The unique hybridization properties of CBMs allow for the tailored manipulation of their structures and morphologies. However, owing to poor solar light absorption, and the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, pristine carbon materials typically have unsatisfactory photocatalytic performances and practical applications. The main challenge in this field is the design of economical, environmentally friendly, and effective photocatalysts. Combining carbonaceous materials with carbonaceous semiconductors of different structures results in unique properties in carbon-based catalysts, which offers a promising approach to achieving efficient application. Here, we review the contribution of CBMs with different dimensions, to the catalytic removal of organic pollutants from wastewater by catalyzing the Fenton reaction and photocatalytic processes. This review, therefore, aims to provide an appropriate direction for empowering improvements in ongoing research work, which will boost future applications and contribute to overcoming the existing limitations in this field.

Microwave-enhanced antibacterial activity of polydopamine–silver hybrid nanoparticles

“…14) or ZnO 15 are widely used for antibacterial applications, although recently, carbon-based structures that can be activated with a range of wavelengths were reported. 16,17 Although inorganic materials have traditionally been more extensively explored as stimuli-activated systems, organic composites based on conductive polymers are gaining traction as they offer more flexibility in terms of biodegradation, manufacturing, and tunability of irradiation wavelength. 18 However, the major obstacle in the use of light for NP activation is the limited depth of light penetration, 19 which confines their application to thin surface coatings or surface-exposed areas of wounds.…”

Synthesis of a Polymer Composite Based on a Modified Aminohumic Acid Tuned to a Sorbed Copper Ion

“…Thus, composite materials with a high specific surface area and grafted SFG can act as highly effective sorbents, but the difficulties of separating the solid and liquid phases limit their practical application. Despite the obvious progress in this area over the past decade, the search for highly effective means and methods of purification of water resources contaminated with TM ions is relevant [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Recent studies by a number of authors have focused on the development of composite materials as sorbents that combine the “desired” properties (such as the presence of SFG, developed specific surface area, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, etc.)…”

Enhanced Ponceau‐4R and Brilliant Blue Degradation using Mesoporous TiO2 Nanoparticles with Activated Carbon as Support Material

“…Several studies have reported significant improvement in using carbon allotropes as photocatalyst support materials. [25][26][27] Activated carbon, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotubes, carbon spheres, carbon quantum dots, fullerene, and graphene have received significant attention. [28][29][30][31][32] Thus, combining TiO 2 and carbon can be an attractive strategy for boosting photocatalytic activity.…”

“…Carbon is an environmentally benign raw material that is inexpensive from a manufacturing standpoint and exhibits more stability than other materials. Several studies have reported significant improvement in using carbon allotropes as photocatalyst support materials [25–27] . Activated carbon, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotubes, carbon spheres, carbon quantum dots, fullerene, and graphene have received significant attention [28–32] .…”