Carbon‐based materials for all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries

Abstract

Solid‐state Zn–air batteries (ZABs) hold great potential for application in wearable and flexible electronics. However, further commercialization of current ZABs is still limited by the poor stability and low energy efficiency. It is, thus, crucial to develop efficient catalysts as well as optimize the solid electrolyte system to unveil potential of the ZAB technology. Due to the low cost and versatility in tailoring the structures and properties, carbon materials have been extensively used as the conductive substrates, catalytic air electrodes, and important components in the electrolytes for the solid‐state ZABs. Within this context, we discuss the challenges facing current solid‐state ZABs and summarize the strategies developed to modify properties of carbon‐based electrodes and electrolytes. We highlight the metal−organic framework/covalent organic framework‐based electrodes, heteroatom‐doped carbon, and the composites formed of carbon with metal oxides/sulfides/phosphides. We also briefly discuss the progress of graphene oxide‐based solid electrolyte.

Precise regulation of pyrrole‐type single‐atom Mn‐N4 sites for superior pH‐universal oxygen reduction

“…Energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries are promising for obtaining nextgeneration clean, sustainable, and secure energy. [1][2][3][4] Among the various metal-air batteries, zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for obtaining future portable power devices. 5 However, the poor activity and stability of the cathodic materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have remained major obstacles in the practical application of ZABs.…”

Versatile zero‐ to three‐dimensional carbon for electrochemical energy storage

“…99,100 Additionally, in emerging all solid-state electrolyte batteries, carbon also plays a very crucial role in improving battery performance. 101 In a word, there is still enormous room…”

Challenges of layer-structured cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

“…As an efficient and clean energy source, rechargeable secondary batteries can effectively alleviate the current energy and environmental problems. 1,2 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been developed and commercialized by Sony in 1991. Due to their advantages of high energy density, long service life, low selfdischarge rate, low maintenance cost, and good safety, LIBs are widely used in portable electronic products.…”