Carbon Based Electrode Materials and their Architectures for Capacitive Deionization

Abstract

The effective desalination and purification devices for seawater/ brackish water treatment are crucial in sustainable progress. Techniques that render high salt removal efficiency and water purification ability at low applied potentials play a central role in sustainable water supplies. One of them is capacitive deionization (CDI) which has drawn significant consideration as a promising deionization technology since the last decade. Desalination efficiency profoundly depends on the utilized electrode material. The most widely used CDI electrodes are carbons due to their cost effectiveness and good stability. However, to acquire high electrosorption capacity, extensive researches are reported with modified carbon materials. CDI cell architectures are equally important for practical high salt removal performance. This review focuses on carbon materials in CDI along with other emerging trends in diverse carbon types, e.g., carbon nanotubes and their composites. Various architectures reported in the literature to improve desalination efficiency are also included here.

Boron carbon nitride nanosheets in water and wastewater treatment: A critical review

“…Activated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, carbon spheres, and graphene materials are extensively preferred in CDI because of their high conductivity, good stability and activity, and high surface area [104][105][106][107]. However, the low adsorption performance and high synthesis cost of these materials have forced researchers to develop novel carbon-based electrode materials [108,109]. Owing to their unique features, BCN nanosheets have been extensively studied in the fields of batteries [110], catalysis [71,111], absorption [112], and supercapacitors [113].…”