Carbon and nitrogen fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium <i>Aphanizomenon</i> sp. in the Baltic Sea

Ploug, Helle; Musat, Niculina; Adam, Birgit; Moraru, C. L.; Lavik, Gaute; Vágner, Tomáš; Bergman, Birgitta; Kuypers, Marcel M. M.

doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.53

Cited by 112 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…C-, N-and O 2 fluxes in N. spumigena H Ploug et al (Ploug et al, 2010) with those measured in N. spumigena colonies sampled during this study ( Figure 6). Concentrations of orthophosphate and inorganic nitrogen were similarly low during the two studies (Swedish monitoring program).…”

Section: Dic Nhmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…(Ploug et al, 2010). Larger colonies may, therefore, be subjected to increasing diffusion limitation of biological processes at a certain colony size.…”

Section: Dic Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each individual cell, we recorded simultaneously secondary ion images of 12 C, 13 C, 12 C 14 N and 12 C 15 N using four electron multipliers. The measurements and the image and data processing were performed as described previously (Musat et al, 2008;Ploug et al, 2010).…”

Section: Nanosims Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 15 N tracers combined with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and elemental analysis isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry, it was recently shown that Aphanizomenon sp. releases a significant fraction (35%) of its newly fixed N 2 as NH 4 þ to the surrounding waters in the Baltic Sea (Ploug et al, 2010). Hence, these large cyanobacteria can supply other algae and (micro)-organisms with nitrogen when bulk concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen are low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large, filamentous cyanobacteria are thought to be the main N 2 -fixing organisms in the Baltic Sea (Boströ m et al, 2007;Degerholm et al, 2008;Ploug et al, 2010). Budget calculations of combined nitrogen as well as experimental studies have shown that these cyanobacteria must fix excess N 2 relative to their own nitrogen demand and channel the surplus nitrogen through the microbial food web and to picocyanobacteria (Ohlendieck et al, 2000;Larsson et al, 2001;Stal et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon, nitrogen and O2 fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2011

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Photosynthesis, respiration, N 2 fixation and ammonium release were studied directly in Nodularia spumigena during a bloom in the Baltic Sea using a combination of microsensors, stable isotope tracer experiments combined with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and fluorometry. Cell-specific net C-and N 2 -fixation rates by N. spumigena were 81.6±6.7 and 11.4 ± 0.9 fmol N per cell per h, respectively. During light, the net C:N fixation ratio was 8.0 ± 0.8. During darkness, carbon fixation was not detectable, but N 2 fixation was 5.4 ± 0.4 fmol N per cell per h. Net photosynthesis varied between 0.34 and 250 nmol O 2 h À1 in colonies with diameters ranging between 0.13 and 5.0 mm, and it reached the theoretical upper limit set by diffusion of dissolved inorganic carbon to colonies (41 mm). Dark respiration of the same colonies varied between 0.038 and 87 nmol O 2 h À1 , and it reached the limit set by O 2 diffusion from the surrounding water to colonies (41 mm). N 2 fixation associated with N. spumigena colonies (41 mm) comprised on average 18% of the total N 2 fixation in the bulk water. Net NH 4 þ release in colonies equaled 8-33% of the estimated gross N 2 fixation during photosynthesis. NH 4 þ concentrations within light-exposed colonies, modeled from measured net NH 4 þ release rates, were 60-fold higher than that of the bulk. Hence, N. spumigena colonies comprise highly productive microenvironments and an attractive NH 4 þ microenvironment to be utilized by other (micro)organisms in the Baltic Sea where dissolved inorganic nitrogen is limiting growth.

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Section: Dic Nhmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…(Ploug et al, 2010). Larger colonies may, therefore, be subjected to increasing diffusion limitation of biological processes at a certain colony size.…”

Section: Dic Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanosims Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon, nitrogen and O2 fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2011

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Frequency of virus‐resistant hosts determines experimental community dynamics

Coloma

Gaedke

Sivonen

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Parasites, such as bacterial viruses (phages), can have large effects on host populations both at the ecological and evolutionary levels. In the case of cyanobacteria, phages can reduce primary production and infected hosts release intracellular nutrients influencing planktonic food web structure, community dynamics, and biogeochemical cycles. Cyanophages may be of great importance in aquatic food webs during large cyanobacterial blooms unless the host population becomes resistant to phage infection. The consequences on plankton community dynamics of the evolution of phage resistance in bloom forming cyanobacterial populations are still poorly studied. Here, we examined the effect of different frequencies of a phage‐resistant genotype within a filamentous nitrogen‐fixing Nodularia spumigena population on an experimental plankton community. Three Nodularia populations with different initial frequencies (0%, 5%, and 50%) of phage‐resistant genotypes were inoculated in separate treatments with the phage 2AV2, the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, which formed the experimental plankton community subjected to either nitrogen‐limited or nitrogen‐rich conditions. We found that the frequency of the phage‐resistant Nodularia genotype determined experimental community dynamics. Cyanobacterial populations with a high frequency (50%) of the phage‐resistant genotype dominated the cultures despite the presence of phages, retaining most of the intracellular nitrogen in the plankton community. In contrast, populations with low frequencies (0% and 5%) of the phage‐resistant genotype were lysed and reduced to extinction by the phage, transferring the intracellular nitrogen held by Nodularia to Chlorella and rotifers, and allowing Chlorella to dominate the communities and rotifers to survive. This study shows that even though phages represent minuscule biomass, they can have key effects on community composition and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in plankton communities.

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Diazotroph derived nitrogen supports diatom growth in the South West Pacific: A quantitative study using nanoSIMS

et al. 2016

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International audienceNitrogen is essential for life but is often a major limiting nutrient for growth in the ocean. Biological dinitrogen fixation is a major source of new nitrogen to surface waters and promotes marine productivity. Yet the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) in marine ecosystems has been poorly studied, and its transfer to auto- and heterotrophic plankton has not been measured. Here, we use high-resolution nanometer scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) coupled with N-15(2) isotopic labelling and flow cytometry cell sorting to examine the DDN transfer to specific groups of natural phytoplankton and bacteria during three diazotroph blooms dominated by the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the South West Pacific. During these experiments, 13%+/- 2% to 48%+/- 5% of the fixed N-15(2) was released into the dissolved pool and 6%+/- 1% to 8%+/- 2% of this DDN was transferred to non-diazotrophic plankton after 48 h. The primary beneficiaries of this DDN were diatoms (45%+/- 4% to 61%+/- 38%) and bacteria (22%+/- 27% to 38%+/- 12%), followed by pico-phytoplankton (3%+/- 1% to 21%+/- 14%). The DDN was quickly converted to non-diazotrophic plankton biomass, in particular that of diatoms, which increased in abundance by a factor of 1.4-15 over the course of the three experiments. The single-cell approach we used enabled quantification of the actual transfer of DDN to specific groups of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton in the surface ocean, revealing a previously unseen level of complexity in the pathways that occur between N-2 fixation and the eventual export of DDN from the photic zone

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Carbon and nitrogen fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 112 publications

References 41 publications

Carbon, nitrogen and O2 fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea

Carbon, nitrogen and O2 fluxes associated with the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea

Frequency of virus‐resistant hosts determines experimental community dynamics

Diazotroph derived nitrogen supports diatom growth in the South West Pacific: A quantitative study using nanoSIMS

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