Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a forest soil amended with purified tannins from different plant species

Kraus, Tamara E.C.; Zasoski, Robert J.; Dahlgren, Randy A.; Horwáth, William R.; Preston, Caroline M.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.10.006

Cited by 139 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It is commonly found that tannins, especially tannins with high molecular weight, have the ability to complex proteins (e.g., Bradley et al 2000;Fierer et al 2001;Kraus et al 2004). Kauri tannins appear to have this ability too (Jongkind, unpublished data), and therefore we assume that the reduction of DON availability following kauri tannin addition is mainly attributable to the complexation of proteins by kauri tannins.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralisationmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Short-term and long-term effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.) forests

2006

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Kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.) occurs naturally in the warm temperate forest of northern New Zealand where it grows mixed with angiosperm tree species. Below mature kauri trees thick organic layers develop in which large amounts of nitrogen are accumulated. This nitrogen seems to be inaccessible to plants. While litter quality can explain the low decomposition rate below kauri, it is not known what causes the accumulation of nitrogen. We hypothesised that kauri tannins reduce nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition below kauri. We further hypothesised that high tannin concentrations in the soil would increase the availability of dissolved organic nitrogen relative to the availability of inorganic nitrogen. To test these hypotheses a laboratory incubation was carried out for 1 year. Purified tannins of kauri and of two other common New Zealand tree species were added to samples of the soil organic layer from under a kauri tree. The results suggest that during the first month of incubation the added tannins reduced nitrogen availability by sequestering proteins or by stimulating nitrogen immobilisation. In the long-term, the reduced nitrogen release, which was found following tannin addition, seems attributable to the complexation of proteins by tannins. It further appeared that the addition of tannins did not change the ratio of dissolved organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen in the long-term. We conclude that the effect of kauri tannins on nitrogen release offers a good explanation for the accumulation of nitrogen below kauri trees.

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Section: Nitrogen Mineralisationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Research suggests that, besides being able to sequester proteins, these tannins might also act as a C source, stimulating nitrogen immobilisation (Kraus et al 2004). In our study we used cellulose for comparison, and the treatment with this compound showed a different response than the addition of kauri tannins.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term and long-term effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.) forests

2006

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“…It is likely that some of these condensed ring systems contain covalently bonded nitrogen. Nitrogen-containing and partially aromatic compounds may also form spontaneously in humic compounds at low temperature (Thorn and Mikita, 1992;Kraus et al, 2004;Hsu and Hatcher, 2005) or may have a catalytic origin (Jokic et al, 2004). Several studies report the occurrence of nitrogen-containing aromatic systems in brown coals (Imuta and Ouchi, 1973;Chaffee and Johns, 1983;Chaffee et al, 1984;Murata et al, 2001;Kashimura et al, 2004).…”

Section: Increase Of N-c 3 Substituting For Carbon In Condensed Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism

Boudou

Schimmelmann

Ader

et al. 2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

135

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-Most of the organic nitrogen (N org ) on Earth is disseminated in crustal sediments and rocks in the form of fossil nitrogen-containing organic matter. The chemical speciation of fossil N org within the overall molecular structure of organic matter changes with time and heating during burial. Progressive thermal evolution of organic matter involves phases of enhanced elimination of N org and ultimately produces graphite containing only traces of nitrogen. Long-term chemical and thermal instability makes the chemical speciation of N org a valuable tracer to constrain the history of sub-surface metamorphism and to shed light on the subsurface biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and its participating organic and inorganic nitrogen pools. This study documents the evolutionary path of N org speciation, transformation and elimination before and during metamorphism and advocates the use of XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to monitor changes in N org speciation as a diagnostic tool for organic metamorphism. Our multidisciplinary evidence from XPS, stable isotopes, traditional quantitative coal analyses, and other analytical approaches shows that at the metamorphic onset N org is dominantly present as pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen. The relative abundance of nitrogen substituting for carbon in condensed, partially aromatic systems (where N is covalently bonded to three C atoms) increases exponentially with increasing metamorphic grade, at the expense of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen. At the same time, much N org is eliminated without significant nitrogen isotope fractionation. The apparent absence of Rayleigh-type nitrogen isotopic fractionation suggests that direct thermal loss of nitrogen from an organic matrix does not serve as a major pathway for N org elimination. Instead, we propose that hot H, O-containing fluids or some of their components gradually penetrate into the carbonaceous matrix and eliminate N org along a progressing reaction front, without causing nitrogen isotope fractionation in the residual N org in the unreacted core of the carbonaceous matrix. Before the reaction front can reach the core, an increasing part of core N org chemically stabilizes in the form of nitrogen atoms substituting for carbon in condensed, partially aromatic systems forming graphite-like structural domains with delocalized π-electron systems (nitrogen atoms substituting for "graphitic" carbon in natural metamorphic organic matter). Thus, this nitrogen species with a conservative isotopic composition is the dominant form of residual nitrogen at higher metamorphic grade.

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“…Three possible mechanisms or their combinations are considered: (1) direct inhibition of microbial activity through toxic effects or inactivation of extracellular enzymes (Ani et al 2006, Scalbert et al 1991, Ho et al 2001) in denitrification, (2) decline in N substrates for denitrification by suppressing N mineralization and nitrification, (3) promotion of N 2 O reduction to N 2 gas through development of the anaerobic environment in the soil. It is well known that tannins can decrease N mineralization by binding proteins in proteintannin complexes (Fierer et al 2001, Kraus et al 2004. Because the NH 4 ＋ contents in tannin-treated soils were significantly lower than in the control soil at 7 days (Table 4), added tannins were likely to be precipitated with protein in the soil resulting in suppressing of N mineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of tannins derived from <i>Acacia mangium</i> bark on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from water saturated acacia plantation soil

Matsubara

Ohta

2015

Tropics

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To evaluate the potential of tannins derived from Acacia mangium bark to mitigate soil N 2 O emissions, a laboratory incubation study was conducted. We prepared a crude tannin extract by water extraction from A. mangium bark, and fractionated the crude extract into high-and low-molecular-weight tannins (HMTs and LMTs, respectively). Soils were incubated with and without the addition of A. mangium bark tannins and commercial tannic acid after KNO 3 was added and the water-filled pore space was adjusted to 100 %. Acacia mangium bark tannins significantly decreased N 2 O emissions compared with the control. However, they did not significantly affect CO 2 emissions or inorganic N concentrations except for soils with LMTs, where cumulative CO 2 emissions were significantly decreased, and for the fact that NH 4 + contents in tannin-treated soils were significantly lower than in the control soil at 7 days. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activities of purified tannins of A. mangium bark reduced N 2 O emissions by inhibiting denitrification regardless of the degree of polymerization. The crude tannin extract, which probably contained other non-tannic C sources, also reduced N 2 O emissions, suggesting that the toxic effects of HMT and LMT in it would overcome the effects of other C compounds on soil N 2 O emissions. Tannic acid, which is different in structure from condensed tannins, suppressed the N 2 O emission but it was not significant and less effective than HMT and LMT. Our results suggest that the application of A. mangium bark tannins has the potential to mitigate N 2 O emissions from A. mangium plantation soils.

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Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a forest soil amended with purified tannins from different plant species

Cited by 139 publications

References 69 publications

Short-term and long-term effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.) forests

Short-term and long-term effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl.) forests

Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism

The effects of tannins derived from <i>Acacia mangium</i> bark on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from water saturated acacia plantation soil

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