Carbon aerogels with oxygen-containing surface groups for use in supercapacitors

Xu, Yuelong; Ren, Bin; Wang, Shasha; Dong, Xiaoxi; Zhang, Lihui

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2019.115005

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The high‐resolution C 1s spectrum of CA (Figure S7, Supporting Information) contains four peaks of 284.8 eV (CC), 286.1 eV (CO), 287.2 eV (CO) and 288.8 eV (OCO). [ 45,46 ] Additionally, the O 1s spectrum of CA (Figure S8, Supporting Information) clearly shows three peaks at 530.3, 532.9, and 536.4 eV, which correspond to CO, OCO, and C‐OC in CA, respectively. [ 45 ] The XPS survey spectrum shows that PPy@CA consists of C, N, O, and S elements (Figure S9, Supporting Information), which is completely consistent with the results of EDS element mapping.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 45,46 ] Additionally, the O 1s spectrum of CA (Figure S8, Supporting Information) clearly shows three peaks at 530.3, 532.9, and 536.4 eV, which correspond to CO, OCO, and C‐OC in CA, respectively. [ 45 ] The XPS survey spectrum shows that PPy@CA consists of C, N, O, and S elements (Figure S9, Supporting Information), which is completely consistent with the results of EDS element mapping. The high‐resolution C 1s spectrum of PPy@CA (Figure 2e) also contains the same peaks of those of CA (284.8 eV: CC, and 286.3 eV: CO), and two slightly deviated peaks of 288.5 eV (CO) and 291.5 eV (OCO) may be affected by PPy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high-resolution C 1s spectrum of CA (Figure S7, Supporting Information) contains four peaks of 284.8 eV (CC), 286.1 eV (CO), 287.2 eV (CO) and 288.8 eV (OCO). [45,46] Additionally, the O 1s spectrum of CA (Figure S8, Supporting Information) clearly shows three peaks at 530.3, 532.9, and 536.4 eV, which correspond to CO, OCO, and C-OC in CA, respectively. [45] The XPS survey spectrum shows that PPy@CA consists of C, N, O, and S elements (Figure S9, Supporting The SEM images of a front face of single fiber (left), a cross-section of single fiber (middle), and a magnified surface microstructure (right) of CA, respectively.…”

Section: D-printed Ca and Ppy@camentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2

Yang

Cui

Han

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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the specific capacitances of supercapacitor electrodes measured by area or volume are the primary consideration for electrochemical energy storage within miniaturized footprint area. [11][12][13] Besides, for supercapacitor electrodes, the design of more doses of active materials means that there exists plenty of active sites available for reversible redox reactions. [14] As a result, it seems desirable to configure a supercapacitor electrode with a high mass loading (per unit area or volume) of active materials, such as a relatively dense distribution or a large thickness. However, such designs usually tend to cause the sluggish electron/ion diffusion, as well as the insufficient use of active materials, which instead limits the overall performance of supercapacitors. [15,16] Carbon aerogel (CA) is a type of hierarchically porous material ranging from micropores to macropores, which exhibits excellent application prospects in catalysis, adsorption, sensing, water evaporation, bone regeneration, electromagnetic shielding, and energy storage. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Especially, because of the excellent properties such as abundant porosity, ultrahigh specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, excellent infiltration, and good mass transfer ability, CA is considered as a promising electrode material in supercapacitors. [13,[25][26][27] Over the past few years, many efforts have been focused on modifying the pore size distribution of CA to further improve specific capacitance. The abundant micropores and small mesopores for CA are beneficial to the increase of specific capacitance due to a significant increase in specific surface area and active sites. [28] Interestingly, larger mesopores (20-50 nm) are detrimental to the specific capacitance due to the barrier effect for ion diffusion. [29,30] The precise control of sol-gel process was usually used to avoid these larger mesopores. [31] In addition, macropores, as well as micrometer-level or even sub-millimeter-level channels are also conducive to the improvement of specific capacitance, because of the unimpeded channels for electrolyte entry and replacement. [25,28,[32][33][34][35] However, excessive larger channels are unfavorable for their mechanical properties and loading amount of active materials. [16,23] Therefore, the hierarchical pores ranging from nanometer to sub-millimeter scale other than larger mesopores A well-designed pore structure and optimized interface will improve specific capacitances of carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes significantly. Herein, a simple strategy is used to prepare the hierarchically porous 3D-printed carbon aerogel (CA) electrodes via combining direct ink writing, freezing drying, carbonization, and polypyrrole (PPy) posttreatment. The 3D-printed CA electrodes without PPy present a quasi-proportional increase in areal capacitance as thickness, achieving an extremely high areal capacitance of 6875 mF cm -2 under a thickness of 2.2 mm. Additionally, PPy posttreated 3D-printed CA (PPy@CA) electrode has improve...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D-printed Ca and Ppy@camentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2

Yang

Cui

Han

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Moreover, the high characteristics of such nanotubes are associated with energy storage not only by a DEL formed at the electrode-electrolyte interface but also due to redox processes involving functional groups on the surface of MWCNTs. It was shown that several types of the OCFG are mainly involved in energy storage due to redox processes: hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In the literature, reactions with these groups are often given in the following form (Equations (1) and (2)) [ 7 , 8 ]:

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Structural Features and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes after Ion-Beam Irradiation and Hydrochloric Acid Treatment

et al. 2021

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Using a set of microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods, a detailed study of the interrelation between the structural and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) and their modified derivatives is carried out. It was found that after treatment of nanotubes with hydrochloric acid, their structure is improved by removing amorphous carbon from the outer layers of N-MWCNTs. On the contrary, ion bombardment leads to the formation of vacancy-type structural defects both on the surface and in the bulk of N-MWCNTs. It is shown that the treated nanotubes have an increased specific capacitance (up to 27 F·g−1) compared to the as-prepared nanotubes (13 F·g−1). This is due to an increase in the redox capacitance. It is associated with the reversible Faraday reactions with the participation of electrochemically active pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen inclusions and oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFG). Based on the comparison between cyclic voltammograms of N-MWCNTs treated in HCl and with an ion beam, the peaks on these curves were separated and assigned to specific nitrogen inclusions and OCFGs. It is shown that the rate of redox reactions with the participation of OCFGs is significantly higher than that of reactions with nitrogen inclusions in the pyridinic and pyrrolic forms. Moreover, it was established that treatment of N-MWCNTs in HCl is accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of nitrogen centers, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the rate of redox reactions involving OCFGs. Due to the significant contribution of redox capacitance, the obtained results can be used to develop supercapacitors with increased total specific capacitance.

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“…The XPS survey spectrum (Figure a) of CA@Co further indicated the existence of C, Co, and O. The high-resolution C 1s spectrum (Figure b) contained four peaks of 284.8 eV (C–C), 286.4 eV (C–O), 287.6 eV (C=O), and 289.7 eV (O–C=O) . The O 1s spectrum (Figure S6) contained three peaks of 530.1 eV (C=O), 532.8 eV (O–C=O), and 535.9 eV (C–O–C) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Versatile Post-Treatment Method to Efficiently Functionalize 3D-Printed Carbon Aerogels via Introducing Tailored Metal Elements

Yang

Cui

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The rigorous viscoelastic rheology limits the ink formulation for 3D-printed carbon aerogels (CAs), making their functional customization challenging. Herein, we functionalize 3Dprinted CAs via a unique combination of liquid phase deposition and thermal treatment. The electrodes' improved areal capacitance after functionalization is 3949 mF cm −2 , exceeding that of the pure 3D-printed CA electrode by 33.4%, which is superior by comparison with the carbonaceous electrodes reported previously. These impressive results highlight the effectiveness of this strategy for further functionalization of 3D-printed CAs. Moreover, numerous other potential applications, including catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, and solar steam generation, may be inspired by these findings.

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Carbon aerogels with oxygen-containing surface groups for use in supercapacitors

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2

Comparative Study of the Structural Features and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes after Ion-Beam Irradiation and Hydrochloric Acid Treatment

A Facile and Versatile Post-Treatment Method to Efficiently Functionalize 3D-Printed Carbon Aerogels via Introducing Tailored Metal Elements

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Carbon aerogels with oxygen-containing surface groups for use in supercapacitors

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm–2

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm–2

Comparative Study of the Structural Features and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes after Ion-Beam Irradiation and Hydrochloric Acid Treatment

A Facile and Versatile Post-Treatment Method to Efficiently Functionalize 3D-Printed Carbon Aerogels via Introducing Tailored Metal Elements

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A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2

A Simple Strategy for Constructing Hierarchical Composite Electrodes of PPy‐Posttreated 3D‐Printed Carbon Aerogel with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance over 8000 mF cm^–2