Carbon-13 NMR Analysis of the Tacticity of Polyacrylamide

Inoue, Yoshio; Fukutomi, Takashi; Chûjô, Riichirǒ

doi:10.1295/polymj.15.103

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…9 shows a portion of the C-13 NMR spectrum of a PAtBA sample heated for 53 hours at 80°C under alkaline conditions. Peak assignment of the polymer backbone agrees with chemical shifts reported in literature for polyacrylamide polymers (Inoue et al 1983;Truong et al 1986). The two peaks observed at 30 and 70 ppm were assigned to the methyl and tertiary carbons of tert-BUOH, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Degree Of Esterficationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

et al. 2006

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Water production during oil and gas recovery is a longstanding problem that is becoming critical with maturing fields worldwide. Lifting, processing, treating, and reinjection of the unwanted water add to the overall oil production costs. Also, water disposal may pose environmental problems. Recent statistical studies indicate that processing unwanted water costs the oil industry nearly U.S. $40 billion per year.Polymer gels have been widely used as blocking agents for excessive water production. In this study, two different polymers were crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The first is a copolymer of polyacrylamide tert-butyl acrylate (PAtBA), and the second is a polyacrylamide (PAM). The PAtBA/PEI system was previously shown to be stable at temperatures up to 160°C, typical of those encountered in deep oil and gas reservoirs. However, the crosslinking mechanisms of this system at high temperatures have not been well defined.This study examined the structural changes of PAtBA using C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Understanding these changes is a first step toward the identification of the crosslinking mechanisms of PAtBA and PAM with PEI. This will have a strong impact on the design of water shutoff treatments utilizing these systems.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Degree Of Esterficationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

et al. 2006

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“…Shown, therefore, is the 13 C-NMR plot for PAM as Figure 9. In this spectrum, the peaks at δ = 34-36, 41-43 and 179.54 ppm, represent the methylene, methine and carbonyl carbon signals, respectively, as shown (Inoue et al 1983, Ziaee et al 2009). Figure 10 plots the 13 C-NMR spectrum of the anionic HPAM.…”

Section: Mechanical Data: Ucs and Stiffness Modulusmentioning

confidence: 84%

Polyampholyte polymer as a stabiliser for subgrade soil

Rodriguez

Chandramohan

Iyengar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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a texas a&m university at Qatar, education City, Doha, Qatar; b Zachry Department of Civil engineering, texas a&m university, College Station, tX, uSa; c research School of Physics and engineering, the australian national university, Canberra, australia ABSTRACT This study evaluates the potential of selected ionic polymers to act as pavement subgrade binders. Investigations were based on their relative performance with a Qatari soil which was selected as typical of a pavement subgrade to be found in the Middle East and North African region. The polymeric binders chosen were three synthetic ionic variations of polyacrylamide: cationic poly(acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (designated PAMTAC), anionic hydrolysed poly(acrylamide) (HPAM) and the ampholitic terpolymer poly(acrylamide-co-sodiumacrylate-co-(3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (TPAM). The polymers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR). The comparative performance of the polymertreated soil was judged on the basis of results obtained from selected standard mechanical test data: specifically, the unconfined compressed strength, the stiffness modulus and the toughness. It is concluded that a 50% w/w aqueous solution of the ampholitic terpolymer applied at a dosage of 2.0% by dry weight of the soil gives the best subgrade stabilisation. Of some significance, it is further noted that this ampholitic polymer was superior as a binding agent to the traditional standard, Portland cement, judged under equivalent but nonstandard conditions. Modifying the polymer to act as a binder for subgrade soils in general is also discussed.

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“…Peak assignment of the polymer backbone agrees with chemical shifts reported in literature for polyacrylamide polymers. 32,33 The two peaks observed at 30 and 70 ppm were assigned to the methyl and tertiary carbons of tert-BUOH, respectively. In order to confirm this assignment, a few drops of pure tert-BUOH were added to the same sample of Fig.…”

Section: Determination Of Polymer Degree Of Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

et al. 2005

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractWater production during oil and gas recovery is a longstanding problem that is becoming critical with maturing fields worldwide. Lifting, processing, treating and re-injection of the unwanted water add to the overall oil production costs. Also, water disposal may pose environmental problems. Recent statistical studies indicate that processing unwanted water costs the oil industry nearly 40 billion dollars per year.Polymer gels have been widely used as blocking agents for excessive water production. In this study, a copolymer of polyacrylamide tert-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) have been investigated. This PAtBA/PEI system was previously shown to be stable at temperatures up to 160 o C, typical of those encountered in deep oil and gas reservoirs. However, the crosslinking mechanisms of this system at high temperatures have not been well defined.This study examined the structural changes of PAtBA and PAM using C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Understanding these changes is a first step towards the identification of the crosslinking mechanisms of PAtBA and PAM with PEI. This will have a strong impact on the design of water shut-off treatments utilizing these systems.

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Carbon-13 NMR Analysis of the Tacticity of Polyacrylamide

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

Polyampholyte polymer as a stabiliser for subgrade soil

Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms

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