Carbohydrate sources in a coastal marine environment

Cowie, Gregory L.; Hedges, John I.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90388-0

Cited by 289 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Glucose, arabinose, galactose and mannose occur as such and are found in hemicellulose polysaccharides (Pigman and Horton, 1970). Glucose, in particular, is commonly present at higher levels in vascular plants (Cowie and Hedges, 1984), while nonwoody tissues, such as leaves and needles, are typically richer in pectin, a polysaccharide containing arabinose and galactose as predominant sugars (Sjöstrom, 1981). This may explain the enrichment of those sugars in the smoke-impacted samples.…”

Section: Smoke Plumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources of these compounds are innumerous and include microorganisms, plants and animals (Pigman and Horton, 1970;Bieleski, 1982;Simoneit et al, 2004a). Glucose is the most common monosaccharide present in vascular plants (Cowie and Hedges, 1984) and is an important source of carbon for soil microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria (Paul and Clark, 1996). CO 2 fixed in leaves moves into the phloem of trees primarily as the disaccharide sucrose (glucose + fructose) and reaches the root cells in this form (Martin et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine

Medeiros

Conte

Weber

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

224

179

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Bulk aerosols (> 1 μm) were collected continuously above the canopy at the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine, USA from May to October 2002. Each sample integrated over an approximately two-week period. Mono-and disaccharide sugars were extracted using a microscale technique and were analyzed as their TMS derivatives by GC-MS. Concentrations of total aerosol sugars ranged from 10 to 180 ng m -3 . Glucose was the most abundant sugar (40-75% of the total sugars). The monosaccharides arabinose, fructose, galactose, mannose, arabitol and mannitol, and the disaccharides sucrose, maltose and mycose (aka trehalose) were also present in lower concentrations. The sugar composition in the aerosols varied seasonally. Fructose and sucrose were prevalent in early spring and decreased in relative abundance as the growing season progressed. Sugar polyols (arabitol and mannitol) and the disaccharide mycose (a fungal metabolite) were more prevalent in autumn during the period of leaf senescence. The changes in the sugar composition in the aerosol samples appear to reflect the seasonality of sugar production and utilization by the ecosystem. Plant waxes were present as significant components also indicating an input from biogenic background.Smoke plumes from Quebec forest fires passed over the Howland site in early July 2002.Levoglucosan, a biomarker of biomass burning, increased by an order of magnitude in the aerosol samples collected during this time. Glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, and also, plant waxes increased in concentration by factors of 2-5 in the smoke-impacted samples, indicating that wildfires enhance atmospheric emissions of uncombusted organic compounds. In contrast, concentrations of fructose, sugar polyols and disaccharides were not significantly higher in the smoke-impacted samples and indicated that biomass burning was not a significant source of these compounds in the aerosols.

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Section: Smoke Plumementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine

Medeiros

Conte

Weber

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

224

179

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“…Neutral sugar analyses were carried out in 2 steps following a procedure adapted from previous work ([ Bethge et al, 1966], [Oades et al, 1970], [Modzeleski and Laurie, 1971] and [Cowie and Hedges, 1984]). The first step, which comprises a phase of soaking with 24 N H 2 SO 4 , allows the hydrolysis of both cellulose and hemicellulose(s).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of peat quality by molecular and bulk geochemical analysis: Application to the Holocene record of the Chautagne marsh (Haute Savoie, France)

et al. 2008

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. Assessment of peat quality by molecular and bulk geochemical analysis : Application to the Holocene record of the Chautagne marsh (Haute Savoie, France). Chemical Geology, Elsevier, 2008, 254 (1-2) AbstractAlthough it is primarily constituted in general from a limited variety of local plants, peat is however sensitive to physicochemical changes in the medium, in particular those induced by hydrological fluctuations. The present study aims at confronting the information on peat quality provided by various families of biochemical components (lipids, lignin, sugars), especially in order to check the validity of a new organic matter (OM) quality indicator, the "R400" index, directly drawn from Rock-Eval pyrolysis. This parameter, which is deduced from the sole S2 pyrolysis peak, is extremely robust. The Chautagne marsh, located between the Le Bourget Lake and the Rhône River lies in a key situation for recording lake level variations and Rhône River floods all along its Holocene filling. The study was conducted on a 6 m long core which comprises 4 m of peat under 66 cm of pedogenetically altered OM-rich sediment. Classical Rock-Eval pyrolysis revealed few qualitative and quantitative OM changes with Total Organic Carbon (TOC) values close to 50% and Hydrogen Index values around 300-350 mg HC g-1TOC in the peat. The R400 parameter remains practically unchanged in the upper unit affected by pedogenesis. It fluctuates however all along the peaty unit together with a progressive downward decrease, ascribable to diagenesis. Molecular analyses show that samples with high R400 values are richer in sugars and in slightly oxidized lignin. These results support the idea that the R400 parameter can be used as an indicator of OM preservation. Since OM preservation is mostly controlled by the water table in peat, the Chautagne marsh records hydrological fluctuations such as those of the Le Bourget Lake water level, all along the Holocene.

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“…Monosaccharide composition is a useful tool for identifying the sources of carbohydrates (Cowie and Hedges, 1984;D'Souza and Bhosle, 2001). Monosaccharide compositions did not vary in the hydrosulfi de sticky muds from Lake Darday, Ikh tsaidam and Uud (Fig 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization and Organic Compounds in Peloids from Mongolia

Dolmaa¹,

Tserenpil²,

Ugtakhbayar³

et al. 2011

Proc. Mong. Acad. Sci.

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The peloids are the important natural remedy all over the world. The physicochemical properties and some organic matters of peloids from 12 lakes in Mongolia were examined. These peloids belong to the continental hydrosulfi de sticky peloid except Gurvan nuur peloid. Peloid from Lake Gurvan nuur was classifi ed as a sapropel with high ash content.The peloid organic matters were investigated using chemical analysis and several analytical techniques, such as IR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, GC/MS, gas chromatography. The concentration of total organic carbon in all continental hydrosulfi de sticky peloids is ranged from 0.4% to 3.1%, but 15.3% in the sapropel. It shows that the majority of the peloids in Mongolia are hydrosulfi de sticky peloid with lower organic matters than the sapropel and peat. In this study, no signifi cant difference of chemical composition was observed between dissoluble and insoluble organic matters from peloids. Some classes of biomolecules, including lipid and carbohydrate, were identifi ed. Biogenic stimulator humic acid (HA) is the major part of the peloid organic matter. HA concentration varied between 11.2% and 55.9% of total organic matter of peloids. The macromolecule of the sapropel HA exhibited a lower aromatization degree and more functional groups than other HAs, as revealed by the 13 C NMR data and C/H ratio. The genesis of peloid organic matter is discussed in this paper.Our results suggest that the presence of known bioactive organic compounds, such as humic acid, lipid, and carbohydrate, as well as hydrogen sulfi de causes the balneological value of peloids in Mongolia.

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Carbohydrate sources in a coastal marine environment

Cited by 289 publications

References 23 publications

Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine

Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine

Assessment of peat quality by molecular and bulk geochemical analysis: Application to the Holocene record of the Chautagne marsh (Haute Savoie, France)

Characterization and Organic Compounds in Peloids from Mongolia

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