Carbohydrate nutrition in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: growth and feed utilization

Abstract

Five groups of Altantic salmon, Salmo salar L., (80 g postsmolt) were fed moist diets containing increasing levels of starch from 0% to 31% and concomitant decreasing levels of protein. The results showed that feeding a diet containing 22% lipid with no starch or a starch inclusion higher than 22% exerts negative effects on growth and feed utilization. A starch inclusion above 9% resulted in decreased starch digestibility, while protein digestibility was not influenced by the dietary starch content. Undigested starch is suggested to affect lipid digestibility in the same manner as dietary fibre. The reduced digestibility by high levels of dietary starch led to increased loss of particulate matter to the environment. Taking into account feed utilization and environmental aspects, the present experiment suggests that a diet containing approximately 9% starch is optimal.

Energy dilution with α-cellulose in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) juveniles — Effects on growth, feed intake, liver size and digestibility of nutrients

“…High starch levels have been reported to decrease digestion of fat in salmon (Hemre et al, 1995), however, there were no differences in protein/fat/carbohydrate ratios in diets in our experiment. Starch is water soluble and available to intestinal enzymes, while cellulose is not, meaning that cellulose will not affect digestion in a similar manner as starch.…”

“…This further confirms that too much fibre is preferred to be avoided. Feed utilization in salmon was reduced with high dietary carbohydrate inclusion (Hemre et al, 1989;Hemre et al, 1995), indicating negative influence from undigested starch, since excess starch probably behaved like indigestible fibre in the intestine. Soluble fibre in diets for tilapia increased digestion viscosity, reduced growth and digestibility of protein, fat and starch (Amirkolaie et al, 2005).…”

“…Carbohydrates are normally added in small amounts in fish feed, for energy and as binding agents (in pellets), and are reported to have protein sparing effect (Hemre et al, 1995). Carbohydrates in fish feed mostly come from plants, since fish is low in glycogen.…”

Effects of Dietary Wheat Flour Content on the Growth and Body Composition of the Snail, Semisulcospira gottschei

“…곳체다슬기용 사육에 적합 한 사료 개발을 위하여 사료형태를 달리하여 사육 실험한 결과, 플레이크 형태의 사료 공급은 분말 및 펠렛 사료에 비하 여 오히려 다슬기의 사료 섭취를 어렵게 하여 성장을 감소시 키는 것으로 보고되었다 (Hwang et al, 2003). 그리고 곳체다슬 기 배합사료 개발에 필요한 필수 영양소 요구량 자료를 축적 하기 위하여 적정 단백질 및 에너지 함량, 필수지방산 및 탄수 화물 종류에 따른 이용성에 관한 연구들이 수행되어져 왔다 (Lee et al, 2002;Lim et al, 2003;Lee and Lim, 2005 사료 중에 적정 함량의 탄수화물 첨가는 단백질이 에너지원 으로 사용되는 것을 감소시켜 단백질 효율을 향상시킬 수 있으며 (Wilson, 1994), 어류 및 새우류의 성장을 향상시키는 것으로 알려져 있다 (Anderson et al, 1984;Alava and Pascual, 1987;Hemre et al, 1995;Hung et al, 2003 (Hutchins et al, 1998). 또한 적정량 이상의 탄수화물이 첨가된 사료를 섭취한 silver barb (Puntius gonionotus)는 사료 중의 단백질 및 에너지 소화율이 감소하였으며, 단백질 및 탄수화물 분해효소의 활력도 감소하 는 것으로 보고되었다 (Mohanta et al, 2009).…”

Haematological and hepatic changes in Catla catla fingerlings in relation to dietary sources and levels of gelatinized carbohydrate

“…Although carnivorous fish have limited capacity to use dietary carbohydrate (Hemre et al 1993, 1995a, Deng et al 2000, improved growth performance with high carbohydrate diets has been demonstrated in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (cf. Kim andKaushik 1992, Grisdale-Helland andHelland 1997), European eel, Anguilla anguilla (cf.…”