Carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on physical and cognitive performance: Benefits and limitations in sports

Pomportes, Laura; Brisswalter, Jeanick

doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2020.06.001

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, whether CHO and CAF rinsing impacts strength and muscular endurance performance is less well known. CHO and CAF mouth rinse has potential to activate the prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal and dorsolateral), regions associated with cognition, attention and reward, which could exert a central role in the motor control process and subsequently increase resistance exercise performance [ 11 , 15 ]. To the best of our knowledge, only Clarke et al [ 17 ] used CAF rinsing in a study design that investigated effects on muscle performance; they concluded that rinsing with a 1.2% of CAF solution either independently or combined with 6% of CHO has no significant effect on maximum strength or muscular endurance performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, Bastos-Silva et al [ 19 ] reported CHO rinse increased repetitions of bench press exercise at 80% of 1-RM in males by standardizing the duration of concentric and eccentric phases of the movement. Separate mouth rinsing studies reported diverse ergogenic outcomes due to the variable test procedures, such as dose and duration of rinse, exercise selection, prandial/training status and gender [ 11 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Karayiğit

Ali

Rezaei

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsing have been shown to enhance endurance and sprint performance. However, the effects of CHO and CAF mouth rinsing on muscular and cognitive performance in comparison between male and female athletes are less well-established. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CHO and CAF rinsing on squat and bench press 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, 3 sets of 40% of 1-RM muscular endurance and cognitive performance in both male and female athletes. Methods Thirteen male and fourteen female resistance-trained participants completed four testing sessions following the rinsing of 25 ml of i) 6% of CHO (1.5 g); ii) 2% CAF (500 mg), iii) combined CHO and CAF (CHOCAF) solutions or iv) water (PLA) for 10 s. Heart rate (HR), felt arousal (FA), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and glucose (GLU) were recorded throughout the test protocol. Results There were no significant differences in squat and bench press 1-RM, HR, RPE and GLU (p > 0.05) for males and females, respectively. FA was significantly increased with CAF (p = 0.04, p = 0.01) and CHOCAF (p = 0.03, p = 0.01) condition in both males and females, respectively. Squat endurance performance in the first set was significantly increased with CHOCAF condition compared to PLA in both males (p = 0.01) and females (p = 0.02). Bench press endurance was similar for all conditions in both genders (p > 0.05). Cognitive performance was significantly increased with CHOCAF compared to PLA in males (p = 0.03) and females (p = 0.02). Conclusion Combined CHO and CAF mouth rinsing significantly improved lower body muscular endurance and cognitive performance in both males and females.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Karayiğit

Ali

Rezaei

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…This ergogenic benefit is seemingly underpinned by the detection of a carbohydrate stimulus in the buccal cavity and the corresponding expectation of carbohydrate intake, which is thought to inhibit the negative afferent signals implicated in the aetiology of central fatigue ( 3 ). The reward and motor function areas of the brain are also activated, leading to improvements in pleasure, arousal and efferent motor output during high-intensity and/or prolonged exercise ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, a placebo effect was reported during a 40 km time trial in trained cyclists as being told that a non-caloric drink contained carbohydrate improved performance (+4.3 ± 4.8%, n = 8) when compared to being told the drink was a placebo (+0.5 ± 5.8%, n = 7) or not being told any information at all (−1.1 ± 8.5%, n = 7) ( 15 ). The disparity in performance outcomes was attributed to the metabolic importance of carbohydrate availability during exercise bouts of ≥ 1 h duration ( 4 , 14 ). What remains unexplored, however, is whether a placebo effect of carbohydrate exists when the drink/solution is rinsed, rather than consumed, during exercise bouts of ≤ 1 h duration that are less likely to be constrained by carbohydrate availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on running and cycling performance are well-documented in temperate conditions, with a 2-3% ergogenic benefit commonly reported during exercise bouts of ≤ 1 h duration (1)(2)(3)(4). This ergogenic benefit is seemingly underpinned by the detection of a carbohydrate stimulus in the buccal cavity and the corresponding expectation of carbohydrate intake, which is thought to inhibit the negative afferent signals implicated in the aetiology of central fatigue (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals

et al. 2021

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed and distance covered during a 30 min running protocol.Methods: Ten healthy and habitually active individuals (six males, four females) completed two experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, crossover design. Each experimental trial consisted of a 30 min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to 15 (hard/heavy) on the rating of perceived exertion scale. During exercise, participants mouth rinsed with either a pink or a clear non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution, with performance, perceptual and physiological measures obtained throughout.Results: Self-selected running speed (+0.4 ± 0.5 km·h−1, p = 0.024, g = 0.25) and distance covered (+213 ± 247 m, p = 0.023, g = 0.25) during the 30 min running protocol were both improved by 4.4 ± 5.1% when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution when compared to the clear solution. Feelings of pleasure were also enhanced during the 30 min treadmill run when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution, with ratings increased from 3.4 ± 0.7 in the clear condition to 3.8 ± 0.6 in the pink condition (+0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.046, g = 0.54).Conclusion: Mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved self-selected running speed, total distance covered, and feelings of pleasure obtained during a 30 min running protocol when compared to an isocaloric and taste-matched clear solution.

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No effect of a commercial carbohydrate‐menthol drink on thermal perceptual measures or 15‐min time trial performance compared to commercial carbohydrate drink in hot humid conditions

Bray,

Blacker,

West

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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This study assessed the effect of a commercial carbohydrate menthol drink on cycling time trial (TT) performance in hot and humid conditions compared with a carbohydrate only drink. Ten participants (5 women; V̇O2max: 52.3 ± 8.6 mL kg−1 min−1, Peak Power Output: 286 ± 56 W) completed a 40‐min cycling preload (50% V̇O2max) followed by a 15‐min self‐paced TT in hot (∼35°C) and humid (∼54%) conditions on two occasions (double blind, crossover design). Every 10‐min, 85 mL of carbohydrate (CHO; SIS GO Energy, 60 g h−1) or carbohydrate and menthol (CHO + MEN; SIS Turbo+ 60 g h−1, 0.01% menthol) was swilled (∼10‐s) and ingested. Rectal temperature (Trec) and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout. Thermal sensation (TS), thermal comfort (TC) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 5‐min. Taste and aftertaste were rated from very pleasant (+5) to very unpleasant (−5). TT performance (total work; kJ) was similar between CHO (153 kJ [95% CI: 129–177 kJ]) and CHO + MEN (151 kJ [128–178 kJ]). During preload exercise, Trec increased by ∼0.9°C and was similar at the end of the TT (∼38.20°C). Mean preload HR was ∼140 b min−1 in each condition and reached ∼177 b min−1 at the end of the TT. TC was rated as ‘much too warm’ and TS rated as ‘very hot’ in both conditions. Both conditions were ‘extremely hard’ (end point RPE ∼19). All participants preferred the taste and aftertaste of the CHO drink. The commercial carbohydrate menthol drink offered no additional ergogenic benefit compared to a carbohydrate only drink during cycling exercise performed in hot and humid conditions.

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Carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on physical and cognitive performance: Benefits and limitations in sports

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals

No effect of a commercial carbohydrate‐menthol drink on thermal perceptual measures or 15‐min time trial performance compared to commercial carbohydrate drink in hot humid conditions

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