Carbohydrate metabolism in one‐ and two‐year‐old spruce needles, and stem carbohydrates from three months before until three months after bud break

Egger, B.; Einig, Werner; Sclereth, Armin; Wallenda, Thomas; Magel, Elisabeth; Loewe, Anja; Hampp, Rüdiger

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00188.x

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar to what found here (see also Hoch et al 2002), Fischer and Höll (1991) and Egger et al (1996) have documented a pronounced increase in starch immediately prior and during the time of bud break in mature needles. Since spring phenology lags from low to high elevations, our spring data collected before bud swelling/break possibly reflect a short term reversal of elevational trends, with trees at lower sites already accumulating starch, while those at treeline were still dormant (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: a global comparison

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The carbon charging of pines across the treeline ecotone of three different climatic zones (Mexico 19 degrees N Pinus hartwegii, Swiss Alps 46 degrees N P. cembra and northern Sweden 68 degrees N P. sylvestris) was analyzed, to test whether a low-temperature-driven carbon shortage can explain high-elevation tree limits, and whether the length of the growing season affects the trees' carbon balance. We quantified the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and lipids (acylglycerols) in all tree organs at three dates during the growing seasons across elevational transects from the upper end of the closed, tall forest (timberline) to the uppermost location where groups of trees > or =3 m in height occur (treeline). Mean ground temperatures during the growing season at the treelines were similar (6.1+/-0.7 degrees C) irrespective of latitude. Across the individual transects, the concentrations of NSC and lipids increased with elevation in all organs. By the end of the growing season, all three species had very similar total mobile carbon (TMC) concentrations at the treeline (ca. 6% TMC in the aboveground dry biomass), suggesting no influence of the length of the growing season on tree carbon charging. At a temperate lowland reference site P. sylvestris reached only ca. 4% TMC in the aboveground dry biomass, with the 2% difference largely explained by higher lipid concentrations of treeline pines. We conclude that carbon availability is unlikely to be the cause of the altitudinal tree limit. It seems rather that low temperatures directly affect sink activity at the treeline, with surplus carbon stored in osmotically inactive compounds.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: a global comparison

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chlorophyll content, CO 2 assimilation (Zabuga and Zabuga 1981;Langenfeld-Heyser 1989), and photosynthetic refixation of CO 2 (Cernusak and Marshall 2000) as well as functional chloroplasts (Buns et al 1993) and carbohydrate metabolism (Egger et al 1996) have been reported earlier in stems and bark tissues of several evergreen conifers. In spite of these studies, no reliable information is available for the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of the bark chlorenchyma in evergreen conifers and especially in Scots pine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The accumulated assimilate pools in the stem and mostly in the bark are mobilized and support carbon supply to the new tissues after the bud break, when growth of shoots by cambial activity has started (Egger et al 1996). Although recovery of photosynthetic activity in evergreen conifers after the winter depression is a very early and fast event, occurring well before any cambial activity and visible growth (Ö quist and Huner 2003), our results suggest that the well preserved photosynthetic activity of the cortical stem chloroplasts may have a significant impact on the recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus in pre-existing overwintering needles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have demonstrated photosynthetic pigments and CO 2 assimilation in the bark of Pinus sylvestris (Zabuga and Zabuga 1981), and in stems of Picea abies (LangenfeldHeyser 1989) as well as functional chloroplasts in the woody tissues of Taxus baccata (Buns et al 1993). More recently, photosynthetic refixation of CO 2 in western white pine (Pinus monticola) branches (Cernusak and Marshall 2000) and carbohydrate metabolism in the bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) (Egger et al 1996) were reported and the significance of refixation in the carbon balance of forest trees was discussed. However, there are no in vivo analyses of PSII and PSI photochemistry and no information available concerning either the pigment composition of the photosynthetic membranes, enzymatic activities, or the polypeptide composition of the thylakoid membranes in bark tissues of evergreen conifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Ivanov

Król

Sveshnikov

et al. 2005

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Winter-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles is accompanied by a 65% reduction of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), measured as Fv/Fm, but relatively stable photosystem I (PSI) activity. In contrast, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine twigs was shown to be well preserved, while PSI capacity was severely decreased. Low-temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence measurements also revealed lower relative fluorescence intensity emitted from PSI in bark chlorenchyma compared to needles regardless of the growing season. Nondenaturating SDS-PAGE analysis of the chlorophyll-protein complexes also revealed much lower abundance of LHCI and the CPI band related to light harvesting and the core complex of PSI, respectively, in bark chlorenchyma. These changes were associated with a 38% reduction in the total amount of chlorophyll in the bark chlorenchyma relative to winter needles, but the Chl a/b ratio and carotenoid composition were similar in the two tissues. As distinct from winter pine needles exhibiting ATP/ADP ratio of 11.3, the total adenylate content in winter bark chlorenchyma was 2.5-fold higher and the estimated ATP/ADP ratio was 20.7. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in needles attached to the twig recovered significantly faster (28-30 h) then in detached needles. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed a high reduction state of Q(A) and the PQ-pool in the green bark tissue. The role of bark chlorenchyma and its photochemical performance during the recovery of photosynthesis from winter stress in Scots pine is discussed.

show abstract

“…Carlyle 1995). In winter and spring, a proportion of new wood is formed via remobilisation of C fixed during autumn (Egger et al 1996). Hence the δ 13 C signal of winter and spring wood represents a variable amount of retranslocated C as well as some from current photosynthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water availability and carbon isotope discrimination in conifers

McGrath²,

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stable C isotope composition (δC) of leaf and wood tissue has been used as an index of water availability at both the species and landscape level. However, the generality of this relationship across species has received little attention. We compiled literature data for a range of conifers and examined relationships among landscape and environmental variables (altitude, precipitation, evaporation) and δC. A significant component of the variation in δC was related to altitude (discrimination decreased with altitude in stemwood, 2.53‰ km altitude, r =0.49, and in foliage, 1.91‰ km, r =0.42), as has been noted previously. The decrease in discrimination with altitude was such that the gradient in CO partial pressure into the leaf (P -P) and altitude were generally unrelated. The ratio of precipitation to evaporation (P/E) explained significant variation in P -P of stemwood (r =0.45) and foliage (r=0.27), but only at low (<0.8) P/E. At greater P/E there was little or no relationship, and other influences on δC probably dominated the effect of water availability. We also examined the relationship between plant drought stress (Ψ) and δC within annual rings of stemwood from Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster in south-western Australia. Differential thinning and fertiliser application produced large differences in the availability of water, nutrients and light to individual trees. At a density of 750 stems ha, Ψ and δC were less (more negative) than at 250 stems ha indicating greater drought stress and less efficient water use, contrary to what was expected in light of the general relationship between discrimination and P/E. The greater δC of trees from heavily thinned plots may well be related to an increased interception of radiation by individual trees and greater concentrations of nutrients in foliage - attributes that increase rates of photosynthesis, reduce P and increase δC. δC was thus modified to a greater extent by interception of radiation and by nutrient concentrations than by water availability and the δC-Ψ relationship varied between thinning treatments. Within treatments, the relationship between δC and Ψ was strong (0.38

show abstract

Carbohydrate metabolism in one‐ and two‐year‐old spruce needles, and stem carbohydrates from three months before until three months after bud break

Cited by 62 publications

References 39 publications

The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: a global comparison

The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: a global comparison

Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Water availability and carbon isotope discrimination in conifers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About