Carbohydrate Metabolism in Microorganisms

Anderson, Richard L.; Wood, William F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.23.100169.002543

Cited by 72 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is possible that a portion of the FDG administered is also incorporated into causative microorganisms, since they metabolize glucose in various pathways as a source of energy. 19 A lack of any FDG uptake in an experimental aseptic abscess has been reported, 22 in which the absence of microorganisms might be one of the causes of no FDG uptake. For the evaluation of infectious lesions, 67 Ga-citrate (Gallium) and "In-leukocyte (In-WBC) have been used widely in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The sites of FDG accumulation in infectious lesions are considered to be in migratory inflammatory cells," -, s causative microorganisms 19 and granulation tissue. 20' 2 ' It Acute active*•** (n = 5) 4 1 Chronic active* (n = 11) 2 9 Healing** (n = 8) 1 7 *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.05 Table 3 The is considered that the former two play a predominant role in the acute stage, while the last one plays a role in the healing stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FDG-PET in infectious lesions: The detection and assessment of lesion activity

et al. 1996

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The usefulness of FDG-PET in the detection of infectious foci and the assessment of lesion activity was evaluated. The study covered 24 patients with 25 FDG-PET studies, including lesions of bacterial, tuberculous and fungal origins. The FDG uptake was determined by the lesion to muscle ratio (LMR) on the static images. The time activity curves (TACs) were classified into four patterns based on both the existence of an initial peak and a slope thereafter. A high FDG uptake was observed in 23 of 25 lesions (92%). Two lesions, in which no abnormal uptake was noted, included one in the healing stage and the other consisting of a cavity with a thin wall. The acute active lesions showed higher LMRs than the chronic active or healing lesions (mean +/- SD: 9.8 +/- 3.6, 3.6 +/- 1.8 and 4.3 +/- 1.7, respectively, p < 0.05), and they could be approximately distinguished by an LMR of 6. The patterns of the TACs in acute or chronic active lesions were either an increase without an initial peak or a plateau, while those in the healing lesions demonstrated predominantly an increase with an initial sharp peak. Our results indicated that FDG-PET is clinically useful in the detection of the infection of miscellaneous microorganisms as well as in the assessment of lesion activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDG-PET in infectious lesions: The detection and assessment of lesion activity

et al. 1996

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“…The cell yields determined with lactate (4.35 g/tool) and acrylate (4.4 g/mol) are slightly higher than expected from this concept. An additional ATP gain by electron transport phosphorylation has been proposed for alanine degradation by Megasphaera elsdenii (Anderson and Wood 1969), but was never proven.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium homopropionicum sp. nov., a new strict anaerobe growing with 2-, 3-, or 4-hydroxybutyrate

Dörner

Schink

1990

Arch. Microbiol.

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Abstract. F r o m anoxic sewage sludge a new strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium was isolated with 2-hydroxybutyrate as sole substrate. 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybutyrate, 4-chlorobutyrate, crotonate, vinylacetate, and pyruvate were fermented to acetate and butyrate. Fructose was converted to acetate, butyrate, butanol, and H2. Lactate and acrylate were fermented to acetate and propionate. Cells pregrown with lactate fermented 2-hydroxybutyrate to butyrate, propionate and acetate. No inorganic electron acceptors were reduced. The D N A base ratio was 32.0 +_ 1.0 tool % and was similar to that of Clostridium propionieum, which was determined to be 35.3 + 0.5 mol %. Strain L u H B u l is described as type strain of a new species, Clostridium homopropionicum sp. nov. Another isolate obtained from marine sediment degraded 2-and 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetate and butyrate and was in some respects similar to the known species Ilyobacter polytropus.Key words: Clostridium homopropionicum sp. nov. -Clostridium propionicum -e-Dehydration -7-Dehy- dration -Butyrate fermentation -Propionate fermentation -BioenergeticsPropionate is an important intermediate in anaerobic degradation of organic matter (Zehnder et al. 1982). Its degradation to acetate proceeds via the methylmalonylCoA pathway, both in sulfate-reducing bacteria (Stams et al. 1984) and in methanogenic sediment and sludges (Schink 1985) or enrichment cultures (Koch et al. 1983;Houwen et al. 1987 Materials and methods Sources of organismsEnrichment cultures were inoculated with several different sediment and sludge samples of freshwater and marine origin. Strain LuHBul was isolated from anoxic digested sludge of the municipal sewage plant in Tiibingen, Lustnau, FRG. Strain FMHBul was isolated from anoxic sediment of a channel near the fish market in Venice, Italy. Escherichia coli K 12 (DSM 498), Propionibacteriumfreudenreichii subsp, shermanii (DSM 20270) and Clostridium propionicum (DSM 1682) were obtained from the Deutsche Sammlung ffir Mikroorganismen, Braunschweig, FRG. Methanospirillum hungatei SK was kindly provided by Dr. F. Widdel, Marburg, FRG. Media and growth conditionsCarbonate-buffered, sulfide-reduced mineral medium was prepared as previously described (Widdel and Pfennig 1981). It contained 7-vitamin solution (Widdel and Pfennig 1981), selenite-tungstate solution (Tschech and Pfennig 1984) and the trace element solution SL 10 (Widdel et al. 1983). The final pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.2-7.4. Freshwater medium contained 0.1% NaC1 and 0.04% MgC12 x 6 H20 whereas saltwater medium contained 2% NaC1 and 0.3% MgClzx6 H20. The growth temperature was 28~176 Growth was determined by measuring turbidity in a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic 70 spectrophotometer in 22 ml screw-cap tubes. Substrates were added from sterile, neutralized stock solutions. Isolation and characterizationFor isolation of pure cultures, the agar shake culture method (Pfennig 1978) was applied. Purity was checked microscopically and by growthtests in a medium containing 5 mM fumara...

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“…Clearly, in this short overview on the history of the PTS only a few major concepts and a few outstanding publications can be mentioned. For older references, we refer to Anderson and Wood [1969], Kornberg [1973], Lin [1970], Pastan and Adhya [1976], Perlman and Pastan [1968], Postma and Lengeler [1985], Postma and Roseman [1976] and Saier [1977], and, unless indicated otherwise, summarily to newer reviews. The term glucose PTS or mannitol PTS, for example, will designate the sum of all molecules involved in the PEPdependent transport and phosphorylation of D -glucose or D -mannitol.…”

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confidence: 99%

PTS 50: Past, Present and Future, or Diauxie Revisited

Lengeler¹

2015

Microb Physiol

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Past: The title ‘PTS 50 or The PTS after 50 years' relies on the first description in 1964 of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system (PTS) by Kundig, Gosh and Roseman [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1964;52:1067-1074]. The system comprised proteins named Enzyme I, HPr and Enzymes II, as part of a novel PTS for carbohydrates in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, whose ‘biological significance remained unclear'. In contrast, studies which would eventually lead to the discovery of the central role of the PTS in bacterial metabolism had been published since before 1942. They are primarily linked to names like Epps and Gale, J. Monod, Cohn and Horibata, and B. Magasanik, and to phenomena like ‘glucose effects', ‘diauxie', ‘catabolite repression' and carbohydrate transport. Present: The pioneering work from Roseman's group initiated a flood of publications. The extraordinary progress from 1964 to this day in the qualitative and in vitro description of the genes and enzymes of the PTS, and of its multiple roles in global cellular control through ‘inducer exclusion', gene induction and ‘catabolite repression', in cellular growth, in cell differentiation and in chemotaxis, as well as the differences of its functions between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was one theme of the meeting and will not be treated in detail here. Future: At the 1988 Paris meeting entitled ‘The PTS after 25 years', Saul Roseman predicted that ‘we must describe these interactions [of the PTS components] in a quantitative way [under] in vivo conditions'. I will present some results obtained by our group during recent years on the old phenomenon of diauxie by means of very fast and quantitative tests, measured in vivo, and obtained from cultures of isogenic mutant strains growing under chemostat conditions. The results begin to hint at the problems relating to future PTS research, but also to the ‘true science' of Roseman.

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Carbohydrate Metabolism in Microorganisms

Cited by 72 publications

References 2 publications

FDG-PET in infectious lesions: The detection and assessment of lesion activity

FDG-PET in infectious lesions: The detection and assessment of lesion activity

Clostridium homopropionicum sp. nov., a new strict anaerobe growing with 2-, 3-, or 4-hydroxybutyrate

PTS 50: Past, Present and Future, or Diauxie Revisited

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