Carbohydrate Metabolism

Abstract

A complete survey of papers published in 1945 was made difficult by the inaccessibility of many European journals. With few excep tions, a review. of the carbohydrate metabolism of microorganisms could not be included because of the limitation of space.The increasing importance of isotopes as a tool in biochemistry is reflected in the rapid advances which have been made in inter mediary carbohydrate metabolism with this technique. Isotopes have also been used to great advantage in demonstrating reversibility of enzymatic reactions, particularly those involving carbon. dioxide fixa tion or phosphate transfer. The common metabolic pool for carbon fragments derived from the three principal foodstuffs and their com mon oxidative pathway has made it impossible to discuss the inter mediary metabolism of carbohydrates without some reference to that • of the other foodstuffs.The gap which often exists between results obtained in experi ments on the whole animal and on isolated enzyme systems is being bridged to some extent. Here again the use of isotopes plays a lead ing role, but a unified picture will not emerge until the mechanism of the regulatory effect of hormones on enzyme systems is more clearly understood.The usual abbreviations have been used: ATP and ADP for adenosinetriphosphate and adenosinediphosphate ; TPN and DPN for tri-and diphosphopyridine nucleotide; and P for phosphate.

Stress Hyperlactatemia Modifies the Relationship Between Stress Hyperglycemia and Outcome

“…Like glucose, lactate is found in blood at higher concentrations during physiological stress, is a predictor of increased mortality in critically ill patients (15,16), and is key component of carbohydrate metabolism by providing a major substrate for the Cori cycle (17). Yet, no models assessing the independent association between glycemia and outcome have ever accounted for the potential confounding effect of lactate in critically ill patients.…”

Exploiting variability for energy optimization of parallel programs

“…Shepard is a 34 node cluster with dual socket Intel Haswell 16-core processors. This processor is to be deployed in the next generation large scale systems at DOE Labs [1,4] in early 2016. The frequency on Haswell can be selected per (hyperthreaded) core, from 1.2 GHz to 2.3 GHz.…”

“…We validate results on three architectures: circa 2012 AMD A10-5800K and Intel Ivy Bridge deployed in current production systems, and 2015 Intel Haswell to be installed in the new generation of very large scale production [1,4] systems. The combination of qualitative modeling with clustering methods provides us with a programming model and runtime independent approach.…”

“…NWChem [33] is a framework for large scale computational chemistry codes, written to use as a communication transport either MPI two-sided, or one-sided communication with MPI 3.0, ARMCI [24], ComEx [8] or GASNet [11]; see Section 5.3 for more details. 1 Bar one trivial usage of MPI Isend/MPI Irecv in one code. 2 During this work we have uncovered performance and functionality bugs in the current generation of Mellanox drivers.…”

Sensitive, nonradioactive assay of phosphorylase kinase through measurement of enhanced phosphorylase activity towards fluorogenic dextrin

“…The action of GP is essentially reversible, although GP activity in the direction of glycogen synthesis is inhibited in the inorganic phosphate (P i )-rich environment observed in the body (10).…”