CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION INFLUENCES SKELETAL MUSCLE CYTOKINE mRNA AND PLASMA CYTOKINE LEVELS AFTER A 3-H RUN

Nieman, David C.; Davis, John M.; Henson, Dru A.; Walberg-Rankin, Janet; Shute, Max; Dumke, Charles L.; Utter, Alan C.; Vinci, Debra M.; Carson, James A.; Brown, Adrienne S.; Lee, W J.; McAnulty, Steven R.; McAnulty, Lisa S.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200305001-00861

Cited by 80 publications

(151 citation statements)

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“…From the seven trials (Nehlsen-Cannarella et al, 1997; Henson et al, 1998Henson et al, , 1999Rohde et al, 1998;Koch et al, 2001;Krzywkowski et al, 2001a) that assessed the lymphocyte proliferative response, only one (Koch et al, 2001) found a less depressed proliferative response when CHO was used. None of the interventions had any effect on salivary IgA in the five trials in which IgA was one of the outcomes (Mero, 1997;Bishop et al, 1999;Krzywkowski et al, 2001b;Nieman et al, 2003;Palmer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nutrition and Exercise-induced Immunodepressionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Carbohydrate intake before or during exercise had a major effect in attenuating increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-8 or IL-1ra in six studies (NehlsenCannarella et al, 1997;Nieman et al, 2001Nieman et al, , 2003Starkie et al, 2001;Bacurau et al, 2002;Bishop et al, 2002) but failed to show any significant effect in nine studies (Henson et al, 1999;Starkie et al, 2000;Petersen et al, 2001;Nieman et al, 2001Nieman et al, , 2003Nieman et al, , 2004Bishop et al, 2002;Lancaster et al, 2003;Chan et al, 2003). Vitamin C intake had inconsistent effects on plasma increases of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra and IL-8.…”

Section: Nutrition and Exercise-induced Immunodepressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…CHO was the supplemented nutritional intervention in 15 of those trials. Cortisol data were only available in chart form, making data extraction for CHO intervention meta-analysis impossible in eight studies (Nehlsen-Cannarella et al, 1997;Nieman et al, 1997bNieman et al, , 2001Nieman et al, , 2003Bishop et al, 2001bBishop et al, , 2002Bacurau et al, 2002;Lancaster et al, 2003). In all but one (Lancaster et al, 2003), the CHO intervention had a significant effect, decreasing post-exercise cortisol levels compared to placebo.…”

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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Background: Heavy exercise induces marked immunodepression that is multifactorial in origin. Nutrition can modulate normal immune function. Objective: To assess the efficacy of nutritional supplements in exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes. Design: Systematic review. Review methods: Randomised and/or controlled trials of athletes undertaking nutritional supplements to minimise the immunodepression after exercise were retrieved. The primary outcome measure was incidence of upper respiratory tract (URT) illness symptoms after exercise, and secondary outcomes included cortisol, cell counts, plasma cytokine concentration, cell proliferative response, oxidative burst, natural killer cell activity and immunoglobulins. When data were available for a pooled estimate of the effect of intervention, meta-analyses were conducted for direct comparisons. Results: Forty-five studies were included (1603 subjects). The studies were heterogeneous in terms of exercise interventions, selection of athletes, settings and outcomes. The overall methodological quality of most of the trials was poor. Twenty studies addressed carbohydrate supplementation, eight glutamine, 13 vitamin C and four others interventions. Three trials assessed the effect of intervention on prevention of URT infections. The pooled rate ratio for URT infections after vitamin C supplementation against placebo was 0.49 (0.34-0.71). Carbohydrate supplementation attenuated the increase in cortisol and neutrophils after exercise; vitamin C attenuated the decrease in lymphocytes after exercise. No other interventions had significant or consistent effect on any of the studied outcomes. Conclusions: Although the prevention of URT infections by vitamin C was supported by two trials, further studies are needed. The available evidence failed to support a role for other nutritional supplements in preventing exercise-induced immune suppression. Larger trials with clinically relevant and uniform end points are necessary to clarify the role of these nutritional interventions.

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Section: Nutrition and Exercise-induced Immunodepressionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Nutrition and Exercise-induced Immunodepressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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“…All samples were examined in duplicate and 18S ribosomal RNA (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) was used as an endogenous control. The data were analyzed using the CT method that has been shown to produce comparable results to an absolute quantification procedure [27] and has been previously used to examine cytokine mRNA levels in skeletal muscle [28,29]. Two different fluorescent dyes were utilized to examine the genes of interest (FAM) and the 18S RNA control (VIC).…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Pcr Verification Of Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death receptor-associated pro-apoptotic signaling in aged skeletal muscle

2006

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is elevated in the serum as a result of aging and it promotes pro-apoptotic signaling upon binding to the type I TNF receptor. It is not known if activation of this apoptotic pathway contributes to the well-documented age-associated decline in muscle mass (i.e. sarcopenia). We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscles from aged rodents would exhibit elevations in markers involved in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway when compared to muscles from young adult rodents, thereby contributing to an increased incidence of nuclear apoptosis in these muscles. The plantaris (fast) and soleus (slow) muscles were studied in young adult (5-7 mo, n = 8) and aged (33 mo, n = 8) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. Muscles from aged rats were significantly smaller while exhibiting a greater incidence of apoptosis. Furthermore, muscles from aged rats had higher type I TNF receptor and Fas associated death domain protein (FADD) mRNA, protein contents for FADD, BCL-2 Interacting Domain (Bid), FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), and enzymatic activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 than muscles from young adult rats. Significant correlations were observed in the plantaris muscle between caspase activity and muscle weight and the apoptotic index, while similar relationships were not found in the soleus. These data demonstrate that pro-apoptotic signaling downstream of the TNF receptor is active in aged muscles. Furthermore, our data extend the previous demonstration that type II fibers are preferentially affected by aging and support the hypothesis that type II fiber containing skeletal muscles may be more susceptible to muscle mass loses via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.

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“…This means that the susceptibility to disease in each of these individuals will also vary depending upon nutrient intakes that alter expression of genetic information. Some examples of other nutrient and non-nutrient environmental factors affecting the T2DM phenotype are energy intake and balance (reviewed in [31]), sleep patterns ( [32,33]), physical activity [34][35][36][37][38], liquid intake [39], and psychological factors, such as stress [40]. Aging and the changes induced by aging, produce health and chronic diseases that are not discrete, dichotomous states, but rather are a continuum.…”

Section: T2dm Qtls In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of type 2 diabetes mellitus data sets emerging from nutrigenomic research: A case for dimensionality reduction?

Kaput

Dawson

2007

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutag

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Nutrigenomics promises personalized nutrition and an improvement in preventing, delaying, and reducing the symptoms of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Nutritional genomics is the study of how foods affect the expression of genetic information in an individual and how an individual's genetic makeup affects the metabolism and response to nutrients and other bioactive components in food. The path to those promises has significant challenges, from experimental designs that include analysis of genetic heterogeneity to the complexities of food and environmental factors. One of the more significant complications in developing the knowledge base and potential applications is how to analyze high-dimensional datasets of genetic, nutrient, metabolomic (clinical), and other variables influencing health and disease processes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is used as an illustration of the challenges in studying complex phenotypes with nutrigenomics concepts and approaches.

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CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION INFLUENCES SKELETAL MUSCLE CYTOKINE mRNA AND PLASMA CYTOKINE LEVELS AFTER A 3-H RUN

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Death receptor-associated pro-apoptotic signaling in aged skeletal muscle

Complexity of type 2 diabetes mellitus data sets emerging from nutrigenomic research: A case for dimensionality reduction?

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