Carbohydrate dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Wilson, John O.; Valiela, Iván; Swain, T.

doi:10.1007/bf00392845

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The order of the same constituents in the three macrophytes analyzed in the present study is identical. The glucose contents of S. alterniflora (28) and a Carex species (6), after concentrated sulfuric acid pretreatment and then hot sulfuric acid hydrolysis, were approximately double the xylose contents; otherwise, the relative contents of neutral sugars after sulfuric acid treatment were similar to those found in the present study. This confirms that TFA hydrolyzes all plant polysaccharides well except for a-cellulose.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Carbohydrate Signatures of Aquatic Macrophytes and Their Dissolved Degradation Products as Determined by a Sensitive High-Performance Ion Chromatography Method

Wicks

Moran

Pittman

et al. 1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The sugar contents of emergent macrophytes from a freshwater lake, a freshwater swamp, and a salt marsh in the southeastern United States were examined together with the dissolved free sugars produced during macrophyte degradation and in natural water samples collected adjacent to macrophyte stands. Simultaneous separation of up to 13 neutral and 2 amino sugars together with 3 uronic acids and muramic acid was achieved by anion-exchange high-performance ion chromatography. As little as 10 pmol or a concentration of 20 nM sugar can be detected by pulsed amperometry, a greater sensitivity for sugar quantification than that of previously reported detection techniques used in conjunction with either gas or liquid chromatographic systems. Optimum conditions for hydrolysis of plant material by using trifluoroacetic acid were determined, and internal standards were used to quantify losses due to matrix effects and solid-phase extraction of samples. Our data demonstrate that ratios of certain indicator sugars in undegraded macrophytes differ significantly from ratios of dissolved free sugars formed during macrophyte degradation, reflecting the complex processes (biological and physical) involved in vascular plant degradation in aquatic ecosystems. Natural water samples collected adjacent to macrophyte beds contained dissolved free sugars at concentrations of 620 nM (lake), 890 nM (freshwater swamp), and 2,300 nM (salt marsh). Sugar signatures of these natural water samples were similar to those of macrophyte degradation products. Carbohydrates make up a large proportion of the dry weight of vascular plants, accounting, for example, for about 80% of the dry weight of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora in eastern U.S. coastal marshes (13). The micro

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Gas-liquid chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has previously been used to determine sugar content in plant material (1,2,4,5,25,28,29) and natural water samples (23). Gas-liquid chromatography requires formation of volatile derivatives, since free sugars are insufficiently volatile for direct analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Signatures of Aquatic Macrophytes and Their Dissolved Degradation Products as Determined by a Sensitive High-Performance Ion Chromatography Method

Wicks

Moran

Pittman

et al. 1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…this study) is higher than that of algal sources (5 to 25%, this study). The percentage total carbohydrates will also change during decomposition, since polysaccharides in macrophyte litters are selectively faster degraded then lignin (Wilson et al 1986;Benner et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of organic carbon in the littoral of Lake Gooimeer as indicated by stable carbon isotope and carbohydrate compositions

et al. 1995

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Abstract. The relative importance of potential carbon sources in the littoral of Lake Gooimeer, a lake in the centre of the Netherlands, was studied using a combination of '3C/1zC-ratio analysis and carbohydrate composition analysis. The littoral is covered on the land side by a 80 m wide Phragmites australis bed. Potential carbon sources were macrophyte litter, seston and benthic algae. Samples of potential carbon sources, sediments and benthic macrofauna from inside and outside the bed were analyzed for their t3C/t2C-ratio and some for their carbohydrate composition. Results indicate that inside the bed, macrophyte litter was the main source of carbon for both the sediment organic matter and the benthic macrofauna, and that algal material was of minor importance. Outside the bed, production by benthic algae was the main carbon source, with seston as a second source. No macrophyte derived material could be detected outside the reed bed.Abbreviations: DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), SOM (Sediment Organic Matter)

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“…Since the filtered seawater used to dilute the late and form TEP (Ki~rboe & Hansen 1993), and it is to diatom culture filtrate does not seem to be the source be expected that mucilaginous substances secreted by of the proposed enrichment of TEP in nitrogen, it is to fish (Daniel 1981), corals (Ducklow & Mitchell 1979), be expected that this enrichment happens prior to the appendicularians (Alldredge & Silver 1988), bacteria setup of the bubbling column. (Myklestad 1974) and macrophytes (Wilson et al 1986) One can construct a model in which TEP colloidal premay also be sources of TEP in the ocean. The origin of cursors may adsorb and concentrate dissolved nitro-TEP processors may constitute an important factor congenous compounds present in the growth medium trolling the specific sugar composition of TEP and, shortly after being released from the cells.…”

Section: " 10'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon content and C:N ratio of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) produced by bubbling exudates of diatoms

Mari¹

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

133

161

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The carbon content of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) was measured in the laboratory in particles produced by bubbling exudates of the dlaton~ Thalassiosira weissflogij, grown under nitrogen non-limited conditions (N:P = 7). The carbon content of these parhcles ( R P -C ) appears to vary as a function of their size according to TEP-C = 0.25 X 10-= r 2 5 5 (pg C TEP-I), where r is the equivalent spherical radius of the TEP particle (pm). This relationship implies that TEP are fractal aggregates having a fractal dimension D = 2 55. When this value was applied to historical TEP size spectra from a coastal area (Kattegat, Denmark), TEP carbon concentration in the surface mixed layer was on the order of 230 * 150 pg C 1-' This is high relative to other sources of particulate organic carbon (e.g. phytoplankton) and depending on TEP turnover rates, suggests that TEP is an important pathway for dissolved organic carbon in coastal seas. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of TEP was measured from particles formed by bubbling exudates of the &atoms T. weissflogii, Skeletonema costaturn, Chaetoceros neogracile and C. affinis. Each of these diatom species was grown under various N:P ratios, from N-non-limited to N-limited conditions. While the C:N ratio of the &atom cells grown under N-Limited conditions was high (C:N 2 14), the TEP aggregates formed by coagulation of the extracellular release produced by these cells exhibited a C:N ratio relatively constant (C:N = 7.3 * 2.6) and apparently independent from that of the cells.

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Carbohydrate dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Carbohydrate Signatures of Aquatic Macrophytes and Their Dissolved Degradation Products as Determined by a Sensitive High-Performance Ion Chromatography Method

Carbohydrate Signatures of Aquatic Macrophytes and Their Dissolved Degradation Products as Determined by a Sensitive High-Performance Ion Chromatography Method

Sources of organic carbon in the littoral of Lake Gooimeer as indicated by stable carbon isotope and carbohydrate compositions

Carbon content and C:N ratio of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) produced by bubbling exudates of diatoms

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