Carbohydrate counting with an automated bolus calculator helps to improve glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injection therapy: An 18-month observational study

Efficacy of automatic bolus calculator with automatic speech recognition in patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized cross‐over trial

“…Simultaneously, there were no differences in the number of hypoglycemic events or HbA1c concentration or insulin requirements. More studies have shown that the use of a bolus calculator improves glycemic control …”

The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes

“…Similarly, Trento et al (2011) revealed an additional reduction in HbA1c of − 0.6% points (p b 0.05) over 30 months with the introduction of carbohydrate counting into their usual diabetes education program. Studies have shown that the use of an automated bolus calculator may assist patients with the complex calculations and provide additional benefits over manual carbohydrate counting in patients using CSII (Enander, Gundevall, Strongren, Chaplin, & Hanas, 2012;Schmidt, Schelde, & Nørgaard, 2014) and MDI (Anderson, 2009;Rabbone et al, 2014). However, not all studies reporting a benefit with carbohydrate counting included a control group making interpretation difficult (Dias et al, 2010;Lowe et al, 2008;Marigliano et al, 2013;Rossi et al, 2010;Samann, Muhlhauser, Bender, Kloos, & Muller, 2005).…”

Safe and Efficacious Use of Automated Bolus Advisors in Individuals Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injection (MDI) Therapy

“…BA use facilitates improvements in glycemic control without increasing hypoglycemia 3,9,10 or cost. 3 Moreover, it can improve treatment satisfaction, 3,9,10 reduce dosage errors, 1 assist in improving carbohydrate counting competency, 3,11,17 and reduce fear of hypoglycemia. 16 In addition, many ABACUS investigators believe that BA use in MDI-treated patients could assist in their transition to insulin pump therapy.…”

“…8 Many current insulin pump systems feature bolus advisor capability, which automatically calculates insulin boluses to address carbohydrate intake and out-of-range BG levels. Use of an automated bolus advisor (BA) can address many of the obstacles associated with intensive insulin therapy by reducing the burden of intensive insulin regimens,increasing treatment satisfaction, 3,9,10 addressing deficits in numeracy and carbohydrate counting, 1,3,9,11 and improving glycemic outcomes. 8,12,13 However, because insulin pump use has not been widely adopted due to perceived complexity of insulin pumps and the extensive training required, 14,15 individuals treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDIs) do not benefit from automated BA technology in their self-management regimens.…”