Carbohydrate‐binding specificities of anti‐erythrocyte lectins (haemagglutinins) in Anopheles gambiae gut extracts and haemolymph

Mohamed, Hassan; Ingram, George A.; Molyneux, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00609.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…ticks (Veres and Grubhoffer, 1990), mosquitoes (Mohamed et al, 1992;Mohamed and Ingrain, 1994), tsetse flies (Ingram and Molyneux, 1991;Maudlin and Welburn,1994;Welbum et al, 1989), and Rhodnius prolixus, the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Pereira et al, 1981;Ratcliffe et al, 1996). The hemolymph lectin agglutinated RBC's from various animal species to very high titres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Soluble lectins occur in a variety of species (Gold and Balding, 1975;Yeaton, 1982;Ey and Jenkin, 1982;Vasta and Marchalonis, 1983;Ratcliffe, 1986;Ratcliffe et aL, 1996;Richards and Ratcliffe, 1990;Osir, et al, 1995). Agglutination of parasites and erythrocytes by lectins has been reported in DipteraGlossinidae (Ingram and Molyneux, 1988;1993;Osir et al, 1995;Maudlin and Welburn, 1994); sandflies (Wallbanks et al, 1986); black flies (Ham and Smail, 1988); mosquitoes (Mohammed and Ingram, 1994;Mohamed et al, 1992); and Hemiptera -reduviid bugs (Pereira et al, 1981;Gomes et al, 1988;Barrocco and Loch, 1988;Mello et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Lectins in the brown ear tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: detection and partial characterization

Sebitosi¹,

Kaaya²,

Young

et al. 1998

International Journal of Acarology

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Lectins (agglutinins) were detected and isolated from the hemolymph and gut of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the vector of Theileriaparva, using various vertebrate red blood cells (RBC).Although the hemolymph lectin agglutinated RBC's of horse at the titre of 4096, mouse (2048), rabbit (512) and rat (128), it did not agglutinate those of domestic animal tick hosts, e.g. cow, goat and sheep. Erythrocytes from some wildlife hosts showed agglutination, with rhino showing the highest titre (4096), zebra (512) and giraffe (256). Virtually no agglutination was observed with erythrocytes from Thomson's gazelle, and the oryx and buffalo gave no agglutination at all. The hemolymph lectin was inhibited by Xylose, N-acetyl galactosamine and partially by 13-d-Fructose. The gut lectin gave an agglutination titre of 4096, with rabbit erythrocytes, mouse (512), horse (4) and 16 for oryx, giraffe and Thomson's gazelle. It also did not agglutinate cattle or sheep erythrocytes but showed trace agglutination (2) for goat rbcs. The gut lectin was inhibited by D(-) mannosamine, D(+) glucosamine, D(+) galactosamine and Fetuin. Free lectins were not detected in the gut lumen, but in the gut integral membrane. The heterogeneity in the agglutination of the different erythrocytes suggests differences in the binding affinity and quantities of lectins or presence of several different lectins. If the lectin binding affinity of the erythrocyte surface membrane of T. parva infected cells is identical to that of uninfected erythrocytes then, the fact that the hemolymph and gut lectins did not agglutinate the domestic animal erythrocytes might be due to evolutionary adaptations and may influence disease transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lectins in the brown ear tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: detection and partial characterization

Sebitosi¹,

Kaaya²,

Young

et al. 1998

International Journal of Acarology

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“…Volf & Palánová (1996) obtained similar results in phlebotomids. Mohamed et al . (1992) did not find differences either between sexes or after bloodsucking Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haemagglutination activity in the different developmental stages and changes of this activity caused by analogues of insect hormones in two members of the Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes

Gelbič

Olejníček

2004

Physiological Entomology

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Abstract. Haemagglutination activity was studied in last larval instars, pupae and adults of both sexes of the Culex pipiens mosquito complex. In females of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, an anautogenous member of C. pipiens complex, activity was detected in the homogenate of the head‐thorax complex, gut and remaining abdomen (after removing the gut), before and after sucking water, glucose solution or blood. Similar investigations were made in females of autogenous Culex pipiens molestus Forskal, a member of the same mosquito complex. The results were compared with data obtained for males of these subspecies, plus the larvae and pupae. The results show that haemagglutination activity in adult females depends not on the sucking of blood, but on the age of the females. In newly emerged females, the level of activity was very low, but after 24 h or 48 h of activity was highly enhanced, even in females that had no possibility to suck water or other liquids including blood. Furthermore, in C. p. molestus, the haemagglutination activity does not change in hungry or engorged females, and a high level of activity was found in the gut of last larval instars, a developmental stage that never takes blood. Treatment with methoprene reduces haemagglutination activity in both sexes, but 20‐hydroxycdysone application decreased activity in the gut of females. It is suggested that haemagglutination activity may be regulated indirectly by the endocrine system. The possibility that haemagglutination activity may depend on some aspect of the digestive system that has no direct connection to blood uptake is discussed. In addition, the activity may be important not only for the elimination of infections, but also for the processing of food and the utilization and transport of nutrients.

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“…Insect haemolymph contains hemagglutinating activities which agglutinates vertebrate erythrocytes and certain microorganisms and are important for the recognition of non-self and cellular defense and are involved in immune surveillance. Due to the involvement of lectins in the recognition of non-self, a number of studies have concentrated on the role of lectins in parasite-host relationships (Grubhoffer and Matha, 1991;Mohamed et al, 1992;Volf et al, 1993).…”

Section: Agglutinins (Lectins)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectins as possible candidates towards anti-microbial defense in silkworm, Bombyx mori L

Patnaik¹

2012

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Unlike vertebrates, insects do not have acquired immunity and therefore rely totally on innate immunity towards defense against invading microorganisms. Insect innate immunity consists of cellular and humoral reactions and both reactions work in concert in preventing insects acquiring infections. The most likely candidates for recognizing foreign material in insects are the lectins, which have already been shown to be important in mammalian innate immunity. Several reports of endogenous serum lectins having opsonic activity for invading pathogens have been circumstantiated in several insect specimens and therefore have been continuously explored for binding to wide range of microorganisms, obviating the necessity of antibodies in these animals. Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is an important economic insect with unparalleled significance to the prosperity of weaker sections of the society and also has been promoted as a powerful laboratory model involving basic research in biology. It therefore merits immediate attention towards proper understanding of host-pathogen interactions, defensive mechanisms evolved in the host body in response to infection, anti-defensive molecules released by pathogen to suppress host immunity before reflecting on aspects of disease control. In this regard, lectins have been implicated as pattern recognition molecules serving as biosensors for detecting carbohydrate components on the microbial cells, thus triggering signaling cascade for immune activation. Understanding of such silkworm agglutinins, most specifically their binding specificities and pattern of recognition with identifiable gene families have been discussed towards establishment of its candidate role as immune defense molecules.

show abstract

Carbohydrate‐binding specificities of anti‐erythrocyte lectins (haemagglutinins) in Anopheles gambiae gut extracts and haemolymph

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Lectins in the brown ear tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: detection and partial characterization

Lectins in the brown ear tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: detection and partial characterization

The haemagglutination activity in the different developmental stages and changes of this activity caused by analogues of insect hormones in two members of the Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes

Lectins as possible candidates towards anti-microbial defense in silkworm, Bombyx mori L

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