Carbohydrate‐based vaccines for oncotherapy

Wei, Meng-Man; Wang, Yong-Shi; Ye, Xin‐Shan

doi:10.1002/med.21493

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(368 reference statements)

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“…We will discuss examples involving chemical modifications of the carbohydrates, especially the covalent conjugates of antigens and carbohydrate-based delivery carrier or adjuvants. Vaccines that contain carbohydrates and derivatives only as antigen components, or natural carbohydrates encapsulated/admixed with other vaccine components, have been reviewed (Marzabadi and Franck, 2017;Colombo et al, 2018;Wei et al, 2018;Weyant et al, 2018;Jin et al, 2019;Micoli et al, 2019), and are not discussed here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Conjugates in Vaccine Developments

Lang

Huang

2020

Front. Chem.

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Vaccines are powerful tools that can activate the immune system for protection against various diseases. As carbohydrates can play important roles in immune recognition, they have been widely applied in vaccine development. Carbohydrate antigens have been investigated in vaccines against various pathogenic microbes and cancer. Polysaccharides such as dextran and β-glucan can serve as smart vaccine carriers for efficient antigen delivery to immune cells. Some glycolipids, such as galactosylceramide and monophosphoryl lipid A, are strong immune stimulators, which have been studied as vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the current advances in applying carbohydrates as vaccine delivery carriers and adjuvants. We will discuss the examples that involve chemical modifications of the carbohydrates for effective antigen delivery, as well as covalent antigen-carbohydrate conjugates for enhanced immune responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Conjugates in Vaccine Developments

Lang

Huang

2020

Front. Chem.

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“…Carbohydrate‐based drugs are considered to have a major effect on the development of new pharmacological compounds . Our study shows how newly developed heparin‐like drugs can be characterized for their potential antigenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the interaction between platelet factor 4 and homogeneous synthetic low molecular weight heparins

Nguyen

Brandt

et al. 2020

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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Background Heparins are usually produced from animal tissues. It is now possible to synthesize heparins. This provides the abilities to overcome shortages of heparin, to optimize biological effects, and to reduce adverse drug effects. Heparins interact with platelet factor 4 (PF4), which can induce an immune response causing thrombocytopenia. This side effect is called heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We characterized the interaction of PF4 and HIT antibodies with oligosaccharides of 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, and 12‐mer size and a hypersulfated 12‐mer (S12‐mer). Methods We utilized multiple methodologies including isothermal calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy, single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA), and platelet aggregation test to characterize the interaction of synthetic heparin analogs with PF4 and anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies. Results The synthetic heparin‐like compounds display stronger binding characteristics to PF4 than animal‐derived heparins of corresponding lengths. Upon complexation with PF4, 6‐mer and S12‐mer heparins showed much lower enthalpy, induced less conformational changes in PF4, and interacted with weaker forces than 8‐, 10‐, and 12‐mer heparins. Anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies bind more weakly to complexes formed between PF4 and heparins ≤ 8‐mer than with complexes formed between PF4 and heparins ≥ 10‐mer. Addition of one sulfate group to the 12‐mer resulted in a S12‐mer, which showed substantial changes in its binding characteristics to PF4. Conclusions We provide a template for characterizing interactions of newly developed heparin‐based anticoagulant drugs with proteins, especially PF4 and the resulting potential antigenicity.

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“…Advances in the chemical-immunology eld have provided evidence that through an accurate structural design, it is possible to develop effective TACA-based anticancer vaccines with promising preclinical outcomes. 10,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] To overcome important limitations associated with protein-hapten conjugates, [49][50][51] fully synthetic vaccine approaches are being developed that enable the assembly of structurally dened and easily characterizable constructs via modular chemical strategies. 15,[52][53][54][55] In this context, we report herein the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of unprecedented fully synthetic vaccines with high Tn-antigen valency that are able to elicit robust and functional immune responses in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%