Carbohydrate analogs as antagonists of glucose in carbohydrate metabolism of yeast

Woodward, Gladys E.; Cramer, Francis B.; Hudson, Marie T.

doi:10.1016/0016-0032(53)91167-3

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is known as a strong inhibitor of metabolism and growth in cells of diverse origin (1,3,5,14). With yeast cells, 2DG seems to interfere primarily with the processes connected with cell wall synthesis (5,6,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of 2-Deoxy- d -Glucose on the Formation of the Cell Wall in Yeast Protoplasts

1969

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2-Deoxy- d -glucose (2DG) acted as a competitive inhibitor of the synthesis of cell wall components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts. The synthesis of fibrillar glucan cell wall component was inhibited at a glucose to 2DG ratio of 4:1 in the cultivating medium. The completion of the formation of cell wall by the synthesis of the amorphous mannan-protein cell wall component was inhibited at a glucose to 2DG ratio of about 20:1. The inhibition could be reversed by increasing the glucose to 2DG ratio in the nutrient medium. No incorporation of 2DG into fibrillar glucan cell wall component was observed.

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of 2-Deoxy- d -Glucose on the Formation of the Cell Wall in Yeast Protoplasts

1969

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“…As well as accounting for differential sensitivity between different parts of the fungal colony, this interpretation of Trinci and Collinge (1973) can account for the reported variability in the response of Neurospora to sorbose, which depended on the nature and manner of preparation of the growth medium (de Serres, Kolmark and Brockman, 1962;Brockman and de Serres, 1963). It can also account for the absence of growth inhibition in yeasts (Woodward, Cramer and Hudson, 1953) for these have been tested in liquid culture; it would be interesting to investigate the effect of sorbose on yeast growth on solid media. A paramorphic effect of sorbose on Saccharomyces spp.…”

Section: Meehanisms Of Inhibition : Sorbose and 3-o-methylglucosementioning

confidence: 91%

“…hydrolysis of the phosphate was also demonstrated, so hexokinase activity remained of great importance for the accumulation of deGlc-6P. A related analogue, glucosone, inhibits fermentation and growth of yeast largely by its ability to inhibit activity of hexokinase (Mitchell and Bayne, 1952;Woodward, Cramer and Hudson, 1953;Hudson and Woodward, 1958). Sorbose is not phosphorylated, but some unphosphorylated sugar analogues show inhibitory activities even in vitro ; for instance, 5-thio-D-glucose at concentrations of 0-25 mM and above completely inhibits activity of commercial preparations of mushroom tyrosinase (Prabhakaran, 1976).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Inhibition : 2-deoxy-d-glucose and Related Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hexose Analogues on Fungi: Mechanisms of Ingibition and of Resistance

Moore

1981

New Phytologist

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I. SUMMARY Although the effects of a number of sugar analogues are discussed in this review, most attention is devoted to 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (deGlc) and L‐sorbose. The growth of fungi is not uniformly inhibited by sugar analogues since some species or strains can metabolize sugars which severely inhibit others. Sugar analogues usually cause inhibitions by being used in metabolism in place of glucose. Both deGlc and sorbose are metabolized by several species but, in general, only a small fraction of the analogue is utilized. The uptake and phosphorylation of readily metabolized sugars are inhibited by deGlc. Inhibitions by sugar analogues occur on media containing non‐carbohydrate sources of carbon, so inhibition of sugar uptake is unlikely to be a major component of the growth inhibition which occurs on sugar‐containing media. Hexokinase phosphorylates deGlc, and its 6‐phosphate inhibits the activity of especially phosphohexose isomerase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase. Apart from an involvement in synthesis of more complex sugars, formation of deGlc‐6P is the usual limit of metabolism of this sugar analogue. Accumulation of the phosphate ester leads to a considerable drain on phosphate pools and ATP levels decline drastically. Indeed, deGlc rapidly initiates degradation of purine nucleotides which can proceed at least to the level of hypoxanthine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deGlc can be condensed to dideoxytrehalose and, in most fungi, polysaccharide synthesis is affected. Preformed wall material is eroded and synthesis of new wall components is prevented by sequestering of uridine and guanosine nucleotides through reaction with deGlc. Interference with the structure of the wall greatly reduces osmotic stability, and cell lysis is the major cause of inhibition of growth by deGlc in yeasts and filamentous fungi alike. L‐Sorbose is not phosphorylated, and the biochemical basis of the inhibitions caused by this analogue is obscure. Some enzymes involved in polysaccharide synthesis are sensitive to inhibition by sorbose, and a characteristic of growth on this sugar is formation of an abnormally thick cell wall. Filamentous fungi grown on solid medium containing sorbose assume an abnormal growth form in which cells are much shortened and branching frequency is increased. There are indications that sorbose, perhaps by interfering with cell wall structure, affects hyphal morphogenesis and that this effect may be magnified into a macroscopic change in the characteristics of the colony during growth on solid medium by secondary environmental effects. Mutants, resistant to deGlc, have alterations in either transport, hexokinase or phosphatase functions, thus emphasizing the important of accumulation of deGlc‐6P in the inhibitions caused by this analogue. Generalization is less easy about mutants resistant to sorbose. The majority are defective in transport, but others show defects in phosphoglucomutase and polysaccharide synthases and there are some correlations with morphological changes which underline the involv...

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“…In 1953, Woodward et al 10 ) reported that GleN, as one of the glucose analogues, inhibited anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevlszae. Koser and Tribby,!…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Glucosamine on the Growth ofPyricularia oryzae

Kamimiya

Tanaka

1982

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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Carbohydrate analogs as antagonists of glucose in carbohydrate metabolism of yeast

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Inhibitory Effect of 2-Deoxy- d -Glucose on the Formation of the Cell Wall in Yeast Protoplasts

Inhibitory Effect of 2-Deoxy- d -Glucose on the Formation of the Cell Wall in Yeast Protoplasts

Effects of Hexose Analogues on Fungi: Mechanisms of Ingibition and of Resistance

Effect of Glucosamine on the Growth ofPyricularia oryzae

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