Carbofuran and its Toxic Metabolites Provide Forensic Evidence for Furadan Exposure in Vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya

Otieno, Peter O.; Lalah, Joseph O.; Virani, Munir Z.; Jondiko, Isaac O.; Schramm, Karl‐Werner

doi:10.1007/s00128-010-9956-5

Cited by 92 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Kenya, carbofuran and its metabolites have been recorded from water samples (0.005-0.495 mg L −1 ) in the farmlands. [5] Carbofuran was also detected in water samples (0.198 mg L −1 ) collected from paddy and vegetable fields in Bangladesh. [6] Carbofuran residues were reported in well waters from Punjab, Pakistan at the concentration of 0.023 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Mayakaduwa

Vithanage

Karunarathna

et al. 2016

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Biochars showed a potential as adsorbents for organic contaminants, however, have not been tested for carbofuran, which has been detected frequently in water. This study provides evidences for the use of infused tea residue derived biochar for carbofuran removal. Biochars were produced at 300, 500 and 700 °C by slow pyrolysis and were characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, FT-IR, SEM, BET and pore size distribution. Pyrolysis temperature showed a pronounced effect on biochar properties. The maximum carbofuran removal was achieved at pH 5. Freundlich and Temkin models best fit the equilibrium data. Biochars produced at 700 °C showed the highest sorption intensity. The adsorption process was likely to be a favorable chemisorption process with electrostatic interactions between carbofuran molecules and biochar surface. Acid-base interactions, electrophilic addition reactions and amide bond formations are the possible mechanisms of carbofuran adsorption. Overall, biochars prepared from tea waste can be utilized as effective adsorbents for removal of aqueous carbofuran.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Mayakaduwa

Vithanage

Karunarathna

et al. 2016

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the degradation of pesticides and to determine their future in the environment (Trotter Kent and Wong, 1991;Kim, In Seon, et al, 2004;Otieno, Lalah, Virani, Jondiko and Schramm, 2010;Hernandez-Moreno, Perez-Lopez, Solera, Gravato and Guilhermino, 2011;H'meidy O. I. et al, 2012;Benicha, Mrabet and Azmani, 2013). These results showed that carbamates are stable in acidic or neutral media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light effects on Carbofuran and Fluometuron: Impact on natural waters. Spectrophotometric study

Sarr¹,

Diop²,

Cissé³

et al. 2014

JCB

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The aim of this work is to study the effect of light on Carbofuran and Fluometuron in various solvents, and to assess their ability to contaminate surface and ground waters. The results of this study show that these products are notoriously unstable under the effect of irradiation. Using water as solvent, we observed that the photodegradation rate of these products was slow, so they can lead to surface waters contamination. It was also observed that the photodegradation of Carbofuran in water was pH dependent. Indeed, Carbofuran is stable in neutral and acidic media, but undergoes photodegradation in basic medium. The kinetics of photodegradation showed that Fluometuron was first order kinetics in all solvents used, while for Carbofuran the kinetics was zero order reaction in the same solvents. Thus, at low concentrations, photodegradation of Carbofuran took place, very quickly. The measurements of the infiltration rate of these two products showed high mobility in the soil. For Carbofuran, the infiltration rate was 0.88 cm/min, and for Fluometuron it was 0.66 cm/min. As a result, these products can contaminate groundwater.

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“…Similarly, eastern Screechowls Megascops asio were exposed to baits laced with CM carbofuran (2,3 -dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) and residues were detected in their talons after these had been weathered for 28 days post-exposure (Vyas et al 2005). Residues of carbofuran and two of its primary metabolites (3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran) were also identified in the highly weathered talons and beak of an African Whitebacked Vulture Gyps africanus recovered from an agricultural field in Kenya (Otieno et al 2010, Otieno et al 2012. We have also detected CMs (e.g., aldicarb) and OPs (e.g., chlorfenvinphos) in beaks and talons taken from the degraded carcasses of birds submitted to the Center for Analysis and Diagnosis of Wildlife (CAD) in Málaga, southern Spain, during routine wildlife forensic investigations (Richards et al in prep).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary assessment of the palate and tongue for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in the degraded carcasses of vultures and other animals

Richards¹,

Zorilla²,

Fernández³

et al. 2015

Vul. News

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In many regions of the world, organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides are used to poison wildlife thought to be competing with human activities (e.g. hunting). Vultures may be secondarily poisoned or directly targeted, e.g. for muti or traditional medicine. Some OPs and CMs are so acutely toxic that animals will die with poisoned material still in their mouths -un-swallowed, before traces may have spread to other parts of the body. Even when death is more prolonged, the tissues in which residues have accumulated may deteriorate before the carcass is discovered, minimizing the chances of recovering viable samples for toxicological analyses that would conclusively identify poisoning as the cause of death. With all these factors in mind, we investigated the feasibility of detecting OP and CM pesticides in the oral cavity, with emphasis on the tongue and palate. A total of 60 degraded carcasses (n = 28 avian and 32 mammalian) recovered from various scenes of wildlife crime in Andalucía, southern Spain, where poisoning was suspected, Vulture News 68 July 2015 33 were submitted to the Center for Analysis and Diagnosis of Wildlife in Málaga for necropsy and toxicological analyses. Of these, 20 and 24 avian and mammalian tongues, respectively, could be recovered for analysis. Separately, the palate from one degraded Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus carcass was also opportunistically retrieved and analyzed following an incident of vulture mass-mortality in which nine Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus also perished. Residues or presence of OPs and CMs were detected in one avian tongue (analyzed with food from the mouth) and four mammalian tongues. Our findings suggest avian tongues alone are not optimal, but canid tongues and those of larger mammals may lend themselves well to analysis. Detection of the OP chlorfenvinphos (3.39 mg/kg) in the Cinereous Vulture palate (the only part of the carcass in which residues were detected) indicates this is a promising sample. To our knowledge, this represents the first time that OP and CM pesticides have been detected in tongue and palate samples. We recommend further exploration of oral cavity samples, especially within the context of the risk that residues therein may pose to human health.

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Carbofuran and its Toxic Metabolites Provide Forensic Evidence for Furadan Exposure in Vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya

Cited by 92 publications

References 29 publications

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Interface interactions between insecticide carbofuran and tea waste biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Light effects on Carbofuran and Fluometuron: Impact on natural waters. Spectrophotometric study

A preliminary assessment of the palate and tongue for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in the degraded carcasses of vultures and other animals

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