Carbocatalysis in Liquid‐Phase Reactions

Abstract

There is broad interest in metal-free catalysis for sustainable chemistry. Carbocatalysis is a "green" option for catalytic transformations in the gas phase as well as in the liquid phase. This is evident by the numerous reports on gas-phase dehydrogenation and selective oxidation where carbon can be used as a successful alternative to metal oxide systems. Carbocatalysis for liquid-phase reactions, especially for organic synthesis, is an emerging research discipline and has undergone rapid development in recent years. This Review provides a critical analysis on the state-of-the-art of carbocatalysts for liquid-phase reactions, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms as well as the advantages and limitations of metal-free carbocatalysts.

Cooperative Surface‐Particle Catalysis: The Role of the “Active Doughnut” in Catalytic Oxidation

“…Tandem reactions, in which two or more catalytic cycles are combined into one synthetic operation, have gained much attention recently . This reflects a shift in synthetic chemistry towards more complex systems, where elements of classic organic synthesis, biosynthesis, homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis are combined into efficient one‐pot processes .…”

Surfactant Assembly within Pickering Emulsion Droplets for Fabrication of Interior‐Structured Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres

“…Carbon spheres are one of the most important materials for catalysis,s eparation, and energy storage. [1] Driven by their appealing applications,various carbon spheres with hollow, [2] yolk-shell, [3] and multi-shell [4] architectures have been successfully fabricated. However,these achievements are largely limited to nanometer-sized carbon microspheres.I nf act, for many practical applications,m icron-sized spheres are highly desirable because of easy processing and separation compared to nanospheres.…”

In‐situ Construction of Graphite‐Supported Magnetic Carbocatalysts from a Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymer: High Performance for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation

“…As one of the emerging applications of heterogeneous catalysis, carbocatalysts have exhibited great prestige in the metal‐catalyzed oxidation reaction by the advanced technologies that suppress the undesirable metal leaching. In recently years, the fabrication of carbocatalysts via carbonization of carbon‐rich precursors has attracted much attention . For example, numerous of high‐level research works have committed to take the thermal treatment of metal‐organic frameworks to generate the carbocatalysts.…”

“…In recently years, the fabrication of carbocatalysts via carbonization of carbon-rich precursors has attracted much attention. [4][5][6][7][8] For example, numerous of high-level research works have committed to take the thermal treatment of metal-organic frameworks to generate the carbocatalysts. These derived carbocatalysts own ex-cellent properties, such as large surface areas, perpetual porosities and controllable functionalities, and they have exhibited excellent performance in heterogeneous catalysis applications.…”