Carbendazim toxicity in different cell lines and mammalian tissues

Abstract

The extensive production and use of harmful pesticides in agriculture to improve crop yield has raised concerns about their potential threat to living components of the environment. Pesticides cause serious environmental and health problems both to humans and animals. Carbendazim (CBZ) is a broad spectrum fungicide that is used to control or effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms. CBZ is a significant contaminant found in food, soil and water. It exerts immediate and delayed harmful effects on humans, invertebrates, aquatic animals and soil microbes when used extensively and repeatedly. CBZ is a teratogenic, mutagenic and aneugenic agent that imparts its toxicity by enhancing generation of reactive oxygen species generation. It elevates the oxidation of thiols, proteins and lipids and decreases the activities of antioxidant enzymes. CBZ is cytotoxic causing hematological abnormalities, mitotic spindle deformity, inhibits mitosis and alters cell cycle events which lead to apoptosis. CBZ is known to cause endocrine-disruption, embryo toxicity, infertility, hepatic dysfunction and has been reported to be one of the leading causes of neurodegenerative disorders. CBZ is dangerous to human health, the most common side effects upon chronic exposure are thyroid gland dysfunction and oxidative hepato-nephrotoxicity. In mammals, CBZ has been shown to disrupt the antioxidant defense system. In this review, CBZ-induced toxicity in different cells, tissues and organisms, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, has been systematically discussed.

Chromatographic Method for Monitoring of Pesticide Residues and Risk Assessment for Herbal Decoctions Used in Traditional Korean Medicine Clinics

“…China is a representative country that uses carbendazim in agriculture. Since most of the herbal medicines imported to Korea are from China, decoctions made from herbal medicines may be contaminated with carbendazim [21,22].…”

Two Major Pathways in TAML-Catalyzed Degradation of Carbendazim by H2O2: Elimination of a Nitrogen-Rich Benzimidazole Fungicide and Its Parallel Nitration

“…1,2 Once more widely used, it is now the subject of increasing regulatory restrictions on this application in some areas including the United States and European Union for the threat it poses to human and environmental health. 3,4 In humans, Cbz is a suspected carcinogen and endocrine disruptor. 1,3 It has been found in various natural and municipal waters at concentrations ranging from 3 ng L −1 to 0.13 mg L −1 .…”

Dual-template imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of malathion and carbendazim using graphene quantum dots

“…This is based on the assessment that exposure to CBZ at levels above this could pose a risk to human health. The half-life of CBZ in soil is 6 to 12 months, 10 meaning that it takes this long for half of the CBZ in soil to break down. 11 Its residue can cause chromosomal aberrations in organisms, and its high level can disrupt testicles and causes infertility in animals.…”