Carbendazim residues in vegetables in China between 2014 and 2016 and a chronic carbendazim exposure risk assessment

Xu, Xia; Chen, Jiyun; Li, Bang-Rui; Tang, Lijuan

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.016

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To assess the above results, six common crops that usually use CAR [ 30 ], including radish, cucumber, rice, rapeseed, alfalfa, and pepper, were selected for the further experiments. As shown in Figure S2 , it was clearly illustrated that saturated HRW could remarkably promote the degradation of CAR in the above-mentioned crops, implying that molecular hydrogen control of CAR degradation might be a universal event.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models

Zhang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Plants

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Although molecular hydrogen can alleviate herbicide paraquat and Fusarium mycotoxins toxicity in plants and animals, whether or how molecular hydrogen influences pesticide residues in plants is not clear. Here, pot experiments in greenhouse revealed that degradation of carbendazim (a benzimidazole pesticide) in leaves could be positively stimulated by molecular hydrogen, either exogenously applied or with genetic manipulation. Pharmacological and genetic increased hydrogen gas could increase glutathione metabolism and thereafter carbendazim degradation, both of which were abolished by the removal of endogenous glutathione with its synthetic inhibitor, in both tomato and in transgenic Arabidopsis when overexpressing the hydrogenase 1 gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Importantly, the antifungal effect of carbendazim in tomato plants was not obviously altered regardless of molecular hydrogen addition. The contribution of glutathione-related detoxification mechanism achieved by molecular hydrogen was confirmed. Our results might not only illustrate a previously undescribed function of molecular hydrogen in plants, but also provide an environmental-friendly approach for the effective elimination or reduction of pesticides residues in crops when grown in pesticides-overused environmental conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models

Zhang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…17804-35-2)은 곰팡이에 의해 발생하는 식물병 방제에 높은 방제 효과가 있 어 국내, 외 곰팡이에 의한 식물병을 방제하는데 광범위하게 사용되고 있다 [3,5]. 하지만 과도한 베노밀 사용은 토양 지속 성으로 인한 농산물 생산량 감소, 인체 독성(내분비계 장애, 발암 가능성, 기형, 간 독성) 그리고 식물 저항성 등의 다양한 문제를 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다 [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Degradation effect of carbendazim in soil by application with the microbial agent, Rhodococcus sp. 3-2

Yeon¹,

Kim²,

Ahn³

et al. 2021

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

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BACKGROUND:The fungicide of benomyl, a benzimidazole group, has been commonly used for pesticides against fungal diseases in the world. However, benomyl is rapidly hydrolyzed in the environment after using to control plant diseases and has adverse effects by generating carbendazim, which is toxic to plants, humans, and the environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the decomposition effect of carbendazim, a degradation product of benomyl was conducted in pot and field after making a pro-totype of benomyl-degrading microbial agent (BDMA). We found that the carbendazim-degrading microbial agent (CDMA) (10 5 , 10 6 , and 10 7 cfu/g soil) decomposed carbendazim by 50% or more in all the treatments, compared to the untreated control in the pot tests after four weeks. The effect of 100% decomposition of carbendazim was observed at 7 days after treatment, when the prototype of BDMA was apllied at 10-folds dilution in the field. The decomposition effect at more than 60% and plant growth promoting effect were observed after 7 days of the treatment, compared with the untreated group in the second field experiment,treated with commercially available concentrations of 500-folds and 1,000-folds. CONCLUSION(S): These results might represent that the BDMA would decompose carbendazim effectively, a de-

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“…22 Safety risk assessment of carbendazim has also been carried out for mango, 17 tea, 21 celery, 22 and vegetables. 23 As for epoxiconazole, a few studies have assessed dissipation in rice paddy 24,25 and wheat straw, 26 and a safety risk assessment has been conducted for wheat grains. 26 However, as far as we know, there is neither a method for determining the epoxiconazole level in citrus nor a report on the risk analysis of epoxiconazole and carbendazim in citrus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation and dietary risk assessment of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus fruits in China

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND Carbendazim and epoxiconazole are widely applied to control anthracnose and sand bark fungal diseases in citrus. The residues of these two fungicides in citrus and their potential risk to consumers have generated much public concern. We therefore sought to investigate the dissipation, residue, and dietary risk assessment of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus. RESULTS The dissipation kinetics and residue levels of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus under field conditions were measured using dispersive solid‐phase extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The citrus samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by primary secondary amine sorbent. The mean recoveries of carbendazim and epoxiconazole ranged from 86.2 to 105.6% and relative standard deviations were ≤9.8%. The half‐lives of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in whole citrus ranged from 2.0 to 18.0 days. Hazard quotient (HQ) and risk quotient (RQ) models were applied to whole citrus for dietary exposure risk assessment based on the terminal residue test. Hazard quotients ranged from 0.066 to 0.134% and RQs from 18.48 to 82.12%. CONCLUSION Carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus degraded rapidly following first‐order kinetics models. The dietary risk of exposure to both carbendazim and epoxiconazole through citrus, based on HQ and RQ, was acceptable for human consumption. This study indicates scientifically validated maximum residue limits in citrus, which are currently lacking for epoxiconazole in China. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Carbendazim residues in vegetables in China between 2014 and 2016 and a chronic carbendazim exposure risk assessment

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models

Degradation effect of carbendazim in soil by application with the microbial agent, Rhodococcus sp. 3-2

Dissipation and dietary risk assessment of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus fruits in China

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