Carbaryl Photochemical Degradation on Soil Model Surfaces

Siampiringue, Marie; Chahboune, Rajae; Wong-Wah-Chung, Pascal; Sarakha, Mohamed

doi:10.3390/soilsystems3010017

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The carbaryl concentration in Polish soils prevailed among all determined NCPs. Its amounts in soils result from the fact that carbaryl was used as a substitute for OCPs and it is one of the most commonly used insecticides still used in the United States [49]. Different studies established the presence of carbaryl and/or its hydrolyzed products in relatively high amounts in soils surface waters and rain runoff [50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbaryl was found to adsorb more readily in acidic soil [37], which coincides with the obtained results for Polish soils. Recent research indicates that carbaryl sorption to the soil is rapid, with binding time ranging from 0.5 to 3 h. The fast accumulation of carbaryl in soils is caused by its high affinity to the mineral and organic fraction [49,50,53]. Both the mineral and the organic fraction are responsible for the stability of carbaryl in soil.…”

Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

2020

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Pesticides belong to a group of xenobiotics harmful to humans and wildlife, whose fate and activity depends on their susceptibility to degradation. Therefore, the monitoring of their residue level in agricultural soils is very important because it provides very valuable information on the actual level of soil contamination and environmental risk resulting from their application. The aim of this study was to evaluate contemporary concentrations of organochlorine (OCPs) and non-chlorinated pesticides (NCPs) in arable soils of Poland as an example of Central and Eastern European countries. The results were assessed in relation to Polish regulations, which are more restrictive compared to those of other European countries. The sampling area covered the territory of arable lands in Poland (216 sampling points). The distribution of sampling points aimed to reflect different geographical districts, conditions of agricultural production, and various soil properties. The collected soil samples were extracted with organic solvents in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE 2000). The OCPs, including α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and p,p’DDT, p,p’DDE, and p,p’DDD, were extracted with a hexane/acetone mixture (70:30 v/v) and determined by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-μECD). NCPs included atrazine, carbaryl, and carbofuran were extracted with a dichloromethane/acetone mixture (50:50 v/v), while maneb was extracted by intensive shaking the sample with acetone (1:1 v/v) and ethylenediamine-tertraacetic acid. The NCPs were identified by a dual mass- spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The total content of individual OCPs ranged from 0.61 to 1031.64 µg kg−1, while the NCP concentrations were significantly lower, from 0.01 to 43.92 µg kg−1. DDTs were detected in all soils samples (p,p’DDD (23.60 µg kg−1) > p,p’DDT (18.23 µg kg−1) > p,p’DDE (4.06 µg kg−1), while HCHs were only in 4% of the analyzed samples (β-HCH (339.55 µg kg−1) > α-HCH (96.96 µg kg−1) > γ-HCH (3.04 µg kg−1)), but in higher values than DDTs. Among NCPs, higher concentration was observed for carbaryl (<0.01–28.07 µg kg−1) and atrazine (<0.01–15.85 µg kg−1), while the lower for carbofuran (<0.01–0.54 µg kg−1). Maneb was not detected in analyzed soils. Assessment of the level of soil pollution based on Polish regulations indicated that several percentages of the samples exceeded the criterion for OCPs, such as ∑3DDTs (14 samples; 6.5% of soils) and HCH congeners (α-HCH in one sample; 0.5% of soils), while NCP concentration, such as for atrazine, carbaryl and carbofuran were below the permissible levels or were not detected in the analyzed soils, e.g., maneb. The obtained results indicated that residues of the analyzed pesticides originate from historical agricultural deposition and potentially do not pose a direct threat to human and animal health. The behavior and persistence of pesticides in the soils depend on their properties. Significantly lower NCP concentration in the soils resulted from their lower hydrophobicity and higher susceptibility to leaching into the soil profile. OCPs are characterized by a high half-life time, which affect their significantly higher persistence in soils resulting from affinity to the soil organic phase.

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Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ncp Soil Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pesticide Residue Content in Polish Agricultural Soils

2020

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“…This process takes place with more difficulty in the soil, being a heterogeneous system, and it is influenced by soil properties. For example, photodegradation is more efficient with particles having a large size and a high specific area since they promote light diffusion [60]. Chemical and biological degradation occurs by reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, dehydrogenation, dehalogenation, decarboxylation, and condensation.…”

Section: Degradation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils Polluted with Pesticides: A Review

2021

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Pesticides are chemical compounds used to eliminate pests; among them, herbicides are compounds particularly toxic to weeds, and this property is exploited to protect the crops from unwanted plants. Pesticides are used to protect and maximize the yield and quality of crops. The excessive use of these chemicals and their persistence in the environment have generated serious problems, namely pollution of soil, water, and, to a lower extent, air, causing harmful effects to the ecosystem and along the food chain. About soil pollution, the residual concentration of pesticides is often over the limits allowed by the regulations. Where this occurs, the challenge is to reduce the amount of these chemicals and obtain agricultural soils suitable for growing ecofriendly crops. The microbial metabolism of indigenous microorganisms can be exploited for degradation since bioremediation is an ecofriendly, cost-effective, rather efficient method compared to the physical and chemical ones. Several biodegradation techniques are available, based on bacterial, fungal, or enzymatic degradation. The removal efficiencies of these processes depend on the type of pollutant and the chemical and physical conditions of the soil. The regulation on the use of pesticides is strictly connected to their environmental impacts. Nowadays, every country can adopt regulations to restrict the consumption of pesticides, prohibit the most harmful ones, and define the admissible concentrations in the soil. However, this variability implies that each country has a different perception of the toxicology of these compounds, inducing different market values of the grown crops. This review aims to give a picture of the bioremediation of soils polluted with commercial pesticides, considering the features that characterize the main and most used ones, namely their classification and their toxicity, together with some elements of legislation into force around the world.

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“…The Kubelka-Munk model can also be used for the photochemical study of carbaryl. 117 Polychlorinated phenols are widely used as fungicides. 118 Research has focused on sources and transformations of polychlorinated phenols with the use of Cl À and C-CSIA.…”

Section: Other Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%