Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase Subunit CgCPS1 Is Necessary for Virulence and to Regulate Stress Tolerance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Abstract

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe infectious disease of apple whose infective area is growing gradually and thus poses a huge economic threat to the world. Different species of Colletotrichum including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are responsible for GLS. For efficient GLS control, it is important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. gloeosporioides interact. Arginine is among one of the several types of amino acids, which plays crucial role in biochemical and physiological functions of fungi. The arginine biosynthesis pathway involved in virulence among plant pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, CgCPS1 gene encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis has been identified and inactivated experimentally. To assess the effects of CgCPS1 , we knocked out CgCPS1 in C. gloeosporioides and evaluated its effects on virulence and stress tolerance. The results showed that deletion of CgCPS1 resulted in loss of pathogenicity. The Δcgcps1 mutants showed slow growth rate, defects in appressorium formation and failed to develop lesions on apple leaves and fruits leading to loss of virulence while complementation strain (CgCPS1-C) fully restored its pathogenicity. Furthermore, mutant strains showed extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress displaying that CgCPS1 plays a vital role in stress response. These findings suggest that CgCPS1 is major factor that mediates pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides by encoding carbamoyl phosphate that is involved in arginine biosynthesis and conferring virulence in C. gloeosporioides .

The Involvement of the Laccase Gene Cglac13 in Mycelial Growth, Germ Tube Development, and the Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Mangoes

“…We found that, compared to the wild-type, the appressorium formation rate and pathogenicity of the mutant ∆Cglac13H significantly decreased, which was consistent with the results of LAC1 and Cglac10 [36,52]. In addition, the knockout of the CgHOS2 [53], CgHSF1 [8], CgGa1 [54], CgCPS1 [55], CgOPT2 [56], and CgEnd3 [57] genes in C. gloeosporioides had the same results. This illustrates that Cglac13 significantly affected the appressorium formation and pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides.…”

A CRISPR/Cas9-Based Study of CgloRPCYG, a Gene That Regulates Pathogenicity, Conidial Yield, and Germination in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

“…Certainly, the deletion of CgloRPCYG led to lower pathogenicity in apple, pear, and mango fruits in this study, indicating that CgloRPCYG functions as a pathogenicity factor. In C. gloeosporioides, knockout of the CgHOS2 [52], CgHSF1 [53], CgGa1 [54], CgCPS1 [55], CgOPT2 [56], and CgEnd3 [57] genes showed the same result. C. gloeosporioides produce conidia, exhibit conidial germination and appressorium, form penetration pegs, and invade hosts, thus causing plant disease.…”

The Deletion of LeuRS Revealed Its Important Roles in Osmotic Stress Tolerance, Amino Acid and Sugar Metabolism, and the Reproduction Process of Aspergillus montevidensis

“…In addition, two gene-encoding arginase and argininosuccinate synthase in mutants were fully blocked. The deletion of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides led to a slow growth rate and an extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress [39]. Up-regulation of arginase could alleviate damage to plants caused by salinity [40].…”