Carbamazepine Removal from Aqueous Solution by Green Synthesis Zero-Valent Iron/Cu Nanoparticles with Ficus Benjamina Leaves’ Extract

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly treatment technique. Bimetallic nano zero-valent Fe/Cu was successfully prepared by green synthesis by Ficus Benjamina leaves (FB-ZVI/Cu). The nanoscale FB-ZVI/Cu was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that synthesis and presence of iron-copper nanoparticles and biomolecules which could help in capping the bimetallic nanoparticles. Subsequently, nanoscale zero-valent Fe/Cu particles were used to remove carbamazepine from the aqueous medium under varying experimental conditions, including pH, initial carbamazepine concentration, Fe/CuNPs dose, stirring rate, and contact time. The removal efficiency of carbamazepine reached 95% under the condition of dose 0.4 g L −1 , time 20 min, and pH 5. The results were analyzed according to the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The adsorption data are more appropriate by the Langmuir adsorption model (R 2 = 0.998) with q max = 26.15 mg g −1. Overall, FB-nZVFe/Cu is a promising green substance to remove carbamazepine from aqueous solutions. The effect of different operating parameters was investigated using linear regression analysis, they were found to account for more than 97% of the variables affecting the removal process. Article Highlights • Bimetallic nZVFe/Cu was synthesized using the Ficus Benjamina leaves' extracts. • Nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDAX, and FTIR. • The green-synthesized FB-nZVFe/Cu nanoparticles can remove carbamazepine from aqueous solutions. • Removing mechanism based on adsorption and reduction is proposed. • A high removal percentage of carbamazepine was 95%. • Lower FB-nZVI/Cu PZC values.

Removal of caffeine from aqueous solution by green approach using Ficus Benjamina zero-valent iron/copper nanoparticles

“…Fe and Cu peaks indicate the occurrence of bimetallic. Other beaks via C, O, Si, and S of Ficus-leaves extract (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2019).…”

“…The strength of phenolic peaks can reduce metals and is a strong indicator for the synthesizing of the zero-valent nanoparticles. The band at 1539 cm −1 indicates the existence of the Ficus amid group; the peak at 1362 cm −1 signposts the occurrence of polyphenols Ar-ring C = C stretching vibration (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2019).…”

“…The removal efficiency of CAF at different pH values [3, 5, 7 and 9], at a different time [15, 30, and 45] min, respectively, when the dose of Ficus-nZVFe\Cu was 0.2 g L −1 , concentration 5 mg L −1 , and stirring rate was fixed at 100 rpm at room temp, the CAF removal efficiency was [43, 78, 69, and 23%], [44, 81, 71, and 23%], and [45, 86, 73, and 24%], respectively, as shown in Figure 4. Ficus Benjamina has a low Zero charge point of 4.85, because of the high acidity of the solution of leaves extract (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2019). It was observed that the most appropriate pH for the removal was 5.…”

“…FB-ZVFe/Cu was separated using centrifugation for 10 min, then washed with anhydrous alcohol. Ficus-ZVFe/Cu was placed at 65 ° C for 3 hr, then was stored at 4 °C until used (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2019).…”

“…Green nanoparticles prevent fungi, bacteria, and microbes from growing (, 2017b). Plants abundance, cost, efficiency, and non-toxic nature, all these advantages are important in the water treatment process (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2019; Shanehsaz et al., 2015). Ficus Benjamina-nZVFe/Cu is a novel idea used for the removal of Caffeine.…”