Caracterización morfométrica de estructuras florales de Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) utilizando análisis digital de imágenes y dimensión fractal

Abstract

Caracterización morfométrica de estructuras florales de Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) utilizando análisis digital de imágenes y dimensión fractal RESUMENLas flores Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. tienen usos ornamentales en México, y también algunas industrias las utilizan en la coloración de carne. El género Tagetes presenta especies y variedades con diferentes colores y tonalidades en sus flores. Por lo que, una forma de distinción rápida y objetiva de estas variedades sería útil para la industria. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método para distinguir y caracterizar la diversidad en dos variedades de T. erecta y T. patula a través de la caracterización de las estructuras florales, utilizando técnicas de análisis digital de imágenes y análisis fractal. Para esto, se capturaron imágenes de lígulas y capítulos florales, que posteriormente fueron binarizadas para obtener imágenes de objetos separados (lígulas y capítulos florales). El análisis de estas imágenes se realizó determinando diferentes parámetros morfométricos, tales como perímetro, área proyectada, longitud máxima, factor de forma y compacidad. Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal de contorno, de perímetro y de área. Los resultados mostraron que la dimensión fractal y el factor de forma son los parámetros que detectan con mayor sensibilidad las diferencias entre lígulas y entre capítulos florales, por lo que se proponen como parámetro adecuados para caracterizar estructuras florales. Palabras clave:Tagetes erecta, T. patula, estructuras florales, análisis digital de imágenes, análisis fractal. ABSTRACTTagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. flowers have ornamental uses in Mexico, but also some industries used in the coloring of meat. The genus Tagetes presents species and varieties with different colors and shades in their flowers. Therefore a rapid and objective form of distinction of these varieties would be useful for the industry. In this research was developed a method to distinguish and characterize the diversity in two varieties of the T. erecta and T. patula through the characterization of the floral structures, using techniques of digital image analysis and fractal analysis. Images of ligules and flower heads were captured and binarized to produce images of separate objects (ligules and flower heads). The analysis of these images was performed by determining different morphometric parameters such as perimeter, projected area, maximum length, shape factor and compactness. Additionally, the boundary fractal dimension, perimeter fractal dimension and area fractal dimension were determined. The results showed that the fractal dimension and form factor were the parameters in petals and flower head with higher sensitivity to detect differences between and among varieties and so are proposed as suitable parameter to characterize floral structures.

Morphometric, weight, viability, and germination analysis of castor bean seeds (Ricinus communis) under two temperature and relative humidity conditions

“…For its part, the Feret's Index (FI) shows the correlation of the accessions with a bigger area and a greater FI (1, 3, 4, 15, and 16), which they are elements of the seed shape. Consequently, as the area increases, its parameters record a proportional increase and vice versa, because they are dependent elements, according to the formula proposed by Quintanilla Carvajal et al (2015).…”

“…Seed weight was determined using an Oahus analytical scale (0.0001g accuracy), randomly taking one hundred seeds from each variety. To morphometry, an area (a), minor axis (ma), and major axis (MA) were established and, subsequently, the elongation index (EI) and the Feret's diameter (FD) were determined, using the equations proposed by Quintanilla Carvajal et al (2015) and the image processing algorithm developed by Ojeda-Magaña et al (2010). This process is based on three stages: i) binarization, ii) segmentation, and iii) extraction of morphometry.…”

Biomimetic Hierarchical Superstructures: Approaches Using Bicontinuous Microemulsions and Electrodeposition

“…In contrast, the size of the emulsion droplet determines the size of the particles. An equivalent to this morphology in nature is the Cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta) flower (or Mexican marigold) native to Mexico and characterized by its fractal dimension and coloration due to carotenoids (Quintanilla Carvajal et al, 2015).…”

Cytotoxic and Antitumor Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tagetes erecta in Lung Cancer Cells

“…Aztec Margaroid, scientifically named Tagetes erecta, is an annual, dicotyledonous herbal species that measures between 60 cm and 1 m in height, with aromatic characteristics. Its stems have small grooves, and it has opposite leaves with indentations with serrated edges [7]. In addition to its cultural and ornamental value, it is commonly used in the ethnobotanical field, and its properties have been considered to be useful in treating bronchitis, rheumatic pain, and respiratory diseases.…”