Caracterización del bosque nativo del centro norte de Entre Ríos (Argentina)

Abstract

Los bosques nativos en el planeta cubrían cerca de 40 millones de km2 en el año 2005, equivalente al 30 % de la superficie terrestre. Este trabajo tiene por objetivos clasificar, localizar y evaluar la superficie cubierta de los diferentes tipos de bosques nativos que caracterizan al centro norte de la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina). Entre junio 2008 y febrero 2010 se realizó un relevamiento abarcando siete departamentos de Entre Ríos (La Paz, Federal, Feliciano, Villaguay, Tala, Nogoyá y Paraná) correspondiente al Espinal. Se realizaron 989 puntos de muestreo ubicados con GPS, describiéndose el bosque nativo según estado sucesional, altura del estrato arbóreo y presencia del estrato de arbustivas. Además se utilizó un imagen satelital Landsat 5-TM del 6 de octubre 2008 que posteriormente fue procesada para la clasificación digital supervisada. A través del relevamiento de campo se determinaron 15 clases de bosques nativos pero con la imagen satelital se separaron nueve clases de bosques nativos resultando en orden de importancia: 1. bosque nativo virgen cerrado (25,95 %), 2. bosque selva (21,35 %), 3. bosque nativo virgen abierto (15,21 %), 4. bosque nativo sucesional cerrado (12,38 %), 5. bosque nativo renoval abierto (9,81 %), 6. bosque nativo sucesional abierto (9,35 %), 7. bosque nativo renoval cerrado (2,48 %), 8. sabana (2,16 %) y 9. selva ribereña (1,99 %). Las especies arbóreas y arbustivas están asociadas a las clases de bosques nativos. Los departamentos Federal, Feliciano, La Paz y Villaguay aportan la mayor superficie de bosques nativos provincial.

Central Argentina vegetation characteristics linked to extinct megafauna and some implications on human populations

“…The Espinal province (325,080 km 2 ) is distributed in a wide arc, from central Corrientes, northern Entre Rios, Santa Fe, Córdoba and San Luis, central La Pampa and southern Buenos Aires. It is characterized by the presence of dense or open low xerophilous Neltuma forests (previously referred as genus Prosopis; Hughes et al, 2022), generally occupying a single stratum, alternating with palm groves, grassy savannas, and steppes (Apodaca et al, 2015; Arturi, 2006; Cantero et al, 2019; Lewis et al, 2004, 2006, 2009; Matteucci, 2012; Sabattini et al, 2002; Torres Robles et al, 2015; Ugarteche et al, 2011). Finally, Monte province (470,408 km 2 ) extends from southern Salta, central Catamarca and La Rioja, east-central San Juan, Mendoza, Neuquén and Río Negro, western La Pampa and northeast Chubut.…”

“…Vegetationally, it is characterized by the presence of xeric deciduous forest that alternates with palm groves, savannas and grasslands (Apodaca et al, 2015;Cantero et al, 2019). The Espinal province (325,080 km 2 ) is distributed in Hughes et al, 2022), generally occupying a single stratum, alternating with palm groves, grassy savannas, and steppes (Apodaca et al, 2015;Arturi, 2006;Cantero et al, 2019;Lewis et al, 2004Lewis et al, , 2006Lewis et al, , 2009Matteucci, 2012;Sabattini et al, 2002;Torres Robles et al, 2015;Ugarteche et al, 2011). Finally, Monte province (470,408 km 2 ) extends from southern Salta, central Catamarca and La Rioja, east-central San Juan, Mendoza, Neuquén and Río Negro, western La Pampa and northeast Chubut.…”

“…The vegetation survey was carried out from the identification of endemic species and most common vegetation assemblage based on previous works (Abraham de Noir and Bravo, 2014;Apodaca et al, 2015;Cantero et al, 2019;Demaio et al, 2015;Lewis et al, 2004Lewis et al, , 2006Lewis et al, , 2009Matteucci, 2012;Sabattini et al, 2002;Torres Robles et al, 2015;Ugarteche et al, 2011). Data on fruit traits, spinescence and metabolic compounds were also surveyed from the literature (Abraham de Noir and Bravo, 2014;Apodaca et al, 2015;Cantero et al, 2019;Demaio et al, 2015).…”

Ecological Impacts of Rainfall Regimes Changes on Agroecosystems in Southern of South America

“…However, except for these limited examples, little is known about heavy rainfall impacts across multiple hierarchical levels from individual plants to the ecosystem scale. Moreover, effects have been observed in the temperate natural grasslands of southern South America, particularly those that make up the typical native forests of the region [12,13]. Natural grasslands are the most important forage supply in bovine farming systems.…”

“…These qualitative results have not only been observed in herbaceous vegetation, but also in the shrub layer. The rainfall regimes, fundamentally, have caused the invasion of shrub species to advance, generating interspecific competition for light, water and nutrients with the herbaceous species that are consumed by cattle, sheep and horses in the mentioned region [12]. In addition, the native vegetation responds to the modification of the phenological cycles in the trees, mainly the reproductive ones of flowering and fruiting.…”