Características psicológicas para el rendimiento deportivo en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol, rugby y baloncesto

Abstract

ResumenEl conocimiento de las características psicológicas de los jóvenes deportistas puede ser muy valioso para que, junto a los indicadores físicos y antropométricos, posibiliten a sus entrenadores y técnicos individualizar los procesos de entrenamiento y de esta manera optimizarlos. Los objetivos de este estudio son establecer las características psicológicas de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol, rugby y baloncesto y determinar si existen diferencias psicológicas entre ellos en función del deporte que practican. Los participantes fueron 149 deportistas varones, 36 eran jugadores de futbol, 70 de baloncesto y 43 de rugby, con una media de edad de 15.99±1.47. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). Los resultados indican que los jugadores presentan una tendencia similar en sus puntuaciones, aunque los jugadores de baloncesto son los que obtienen puntuaciones más bajas. Los futbolistas puntúan más alto en control de estrés, motivación y cohesión de equipo, mientras que los jugadores de rugby lo hacen en influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento y habilidad mental. En general, los deportistas manifiestan una buena capacidad para controlar el estrés, para gestionar adecuadamente la evaluación que se hace de su ejecución deportiva y una buena motivación hacia su práctica deportiva, aunque con un margen de mejora que sugiere implementar programas adecuados de entrenamiento. AbstractTo have knowledge of the psychological characteristics of grassroot team players can be very valuable so that, together with their physical and anthropometric features, may enable their coaches to individualize the training processes and thus optimize them. The objectives of this study are to study the psychological characteristics of football, rugby and basketball young players, and deter­mine if there are psychological differences between them regarding the sport they practice. The participants were 149 male athletes. 36 were soccer players, 70 basketball players and 43 rugby players, with a mean age of 15.99 ± 1.47. The Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance Questionnaire (CPRD) was used. Results indicate that all players have a similar trend in their scores, although basketball players are the ones who score lower. Footballers score higher in stress con­trol, motivation and team cohesion, while rugby players do so in influencing performance assessment and mental ability. In general, athletes shown a good ability to con­trol their stress; to adequately manage the external eval­uation made upon their performance, as well as a good level of motivation towards the practice of the sport. However, the data show that there is still room for im­provement that justifies the implementation of adequate training programs.

Female Soccer Players’ Psychological Profile: Differences between Professional and Amateur Players

“…By knowing the psychological characteristics of professional players, the work of coaches and sports technicians, at all competition levels, could improve. Therefore, assessing the psychological capacities is a first step towards correct psychological training aimed at improving the performance of players, both professional and young, in training [28,29].…”

Influence of Academic Performance, Level of Play, Sports Success, and Position of Play on the Motivation of the Young Football Player

“…This high influx and popularity lead to the existence of a high injury rate [3], the participation of low-qualified trainers [4], high levels of wastage [5], but mainly, excessive emphasis on early sports specialization [6]. Many coaches aim to find the best performance for the team and the players, but among the factors that make up this maximum performance is the psychological and emotional aspect of the player [7,8]. Athletes in early adolescence produce a great social change, the result of morphological, hormonal, physiological change, which has the consequence of more aggressive and non-pro-social behaviors in general, which has its immediate consequence in the family and in close friends [9].…”

How and why do young soccer players change the Flow State?

“…Anxiety and stress are factors which act against this attention and therefore against sports performance [9]. Both experienced players and developing players are susceptible to the influence of these psychological abilities on sports performance, but the latter are even more so [10]. For this reason, the need exists to evaluate psychological abilities and to incorporate this evaluation in TR in order to improve sports performance [11].…”

“…For this reason, the need exists to evaluate psychological abilities and to incorporate this evaluation in TR in order to improve sports performance [11]. These limiting factors lead us to the hypothesis that developing players are more susceptible to competition time (CM) [10], with varying baseline psychological states which might result in lower positive psychological characteristics, such as attention, concentration, self-confidence, and self-esteem.…”